IUPAC, . ( ) :
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1. , . nH2n+1COOH CnH2nO2.
| ͖ | () | |
| 3 | () | |
| 32 | () | |
| 322 | () | |
| 2- () | |
| 3222 | () | |
| 3(2)4 | () | |
| 1531 | () | |
| 1735 | () |
2. , . nH2n1COOH CnH2n2O2.
| 2=͖ | ||
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| 3=͖ | ||
| 1733 | ||
9:
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| 1731 | ||
9 12:
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| 1729 | ||
9, 12 15:
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| 1931 | ||
5, 8, 11 14:
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3. , . CnH2n2O4.
| і | () | |
| і 2 | () | |
| і (2)2 | () | |
| і (2)3 | () | |
| і (2)4 | () |
