1. ():
.
2. :
.
3. :
.
4. ( -):
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- , . :
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, :
CH3NH2 | CH3NHCH2CH3 | |
( ) | ( ) | ( ) |
:
() | (N-) | (N,N-) | ||
. . , , . , .
. .
1. . , - . , , , :
CH3NH2 + 2 CH3NH3+
CH3NH2 + l CH3NH3+ Cl
()
, ; . :
CH3NH3Cl + NaOH CH3NH2 + Nal + H2O.
() . , p- :
6H5NH2 + H2O ¹; C6H5NH2 + HCl C6H5NH3+ Cl
2. . , :
|
|
4CH3NH2 + 9O2 4CO2 + 10H2O + 2N2
CnH2n+3N + (1,5n+0,75)O2 nCO2 + (n+1,5)H2O + 0,5N2.
3. . I , - - . . :
:
( )
6H5NO2 + 3Fe + 7HCl C6H5NH3+ Cl + 3FeCl2 + 2H2O
C6H5NH3+ Cl + NaOH C6H5NH2 + Nal + H2O
RNO2 + 6[H] RNH2 + 2H2O
() HOCH 2CH2NH2 . HOCH2CH2N+(CH3)2 ; , ; . CH3COOCH2CH2N+(CH3)2 - (). . (,), , . , , , .
, , . . .
, . : ROH, CnH2n+1OH, CnH2n+2O. .
, 1 ( ), . ( ), . .
( ) | ( ) | -1 ( - ) | |||
( ) | |||||
-2 ( ) | -1 ( - ) | -1 ) | |||
() | ( ) | ||||
-2 ( - ) | -2 ( - ) | ||||
() | () | ||||
. , 12 , , . Ζ () . .
|
|
. . , , . , .
:
, RΖ
). :
22H5OH + 2Na H2+ 2C2H5ONa
();
2H5ONa + 2O 2H5OH + NaOH
( );
2H5OH + Na ¹ ( ).
). :
2H5OH + 3 2 + 325
();
2H5OH + HNO3 (HONO2) 2 + 25NO2.
, R
). ( ): 2H5OH + HCl C2H5Cl + H2O ;
). :
H32OH H2O + 2=2
( );
H32(OH)3 H3=͖H3 + H2O
( ).
). ( ):
( ).
CnH2n+2O, ( ).
). : nH2n+2O + (1,5n +0,5)O2 nCO2 + (n +1)H2O.
). :
( ) ()
( ) ()
). (II):
( ) ()
). ( ; ; ):
5H3OH+6KMnO4+9H2SO4 5CO2+6MnSO4+3K2SO4+19H2O;
5H3(OH)3+2KMnO4+3H2SO4
5H3O3+2MnSO4+K2SO4+8H2O.
( ) , .
,
-1 ( ) | -1 ( ) | 3--1 ( ) |
.
, ( ), . , :
, , .