1. :
H3CH=CH2+H2 
CH3CH()CH3.
2. :
CH3CH2Br + KOH 
CH3CH2 + KBr.
3. :
| 
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4. :
6126 
2CH3CH2 + 22.
()
5. - ( 2):
+ 22 
CH3.
, . , :
:
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| () | () |
| 
|
.
66()6 , () :
1.
, :
2. (II):
| |
| - ( ) |
3. :
;
();
.
4.
1. :
BrCH2CH2Br + 2KOH ΖCH2CH2 + 2KBr.
2. ( ):
3CH2=CH2+2KMnO4+4H2O3HOCH2CH2OH+2MnO2¯+2KOH.
3. :
( )
́ , . - :
(): (C6H5OH) :
| 
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| - | - | - | ||
| 77, , , . , , | ||||
| 
| 
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| a- | b- | |||
- ():
| 
| 
|
|
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|
- ():
| 
| 
|
: ( ).
.
, . . , , . . , . , , .
.
p- . , Ζ , , ( ).
I , - -.
: .
1. :
2C6H5OH + 2Na H2 + 2C6H5ONa ( );
C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O;
C6H5ONa + H2O + CO2 C6H5OH + NaHCO3
( , );
(III) .
, , , ( ). , NaOH.
2. ( , ): 65 + 3 ¹
C6H5ONa + RBr C6H5OR + NaBr
3. ( , ):
| 
|
.
1. :
( ).
2. :
( ) , ).
3. ( ):
3. .
4. :
65l + 2NaOH 
C6H5ONa + NaCl + H2O;
C6H5ONa + HCl C6H5OH + NaCl.
5. () :
.
. ( 1 ), . 2H2nO ( ). , .
|
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:
| 
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| |
| ( ) | ( ) | ( ) | |
| 
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| |
| ( ) | ( ) | () | |
| 
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| ( ) | () | -1 () | |
| 
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| -2 () | ( ) | () | |
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| () | |||
, +20. , ( ). , . . .
sp 2- ( ). ( = ). і (a-):
a- . , .
= ( SN)
, = , ͖. :
1. ( ):
2. () ( ):
100%, 50%, .
3. :
(); 
().
4. ( ):
.
5. (HNH2) (HNHR):
:
( , )
5. (H2NNH2) (H2NNH6H5):
5. (NH2OH):
a-
2- , (a-), , :
( , ).
:
, :
a-.
|
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|
1. :
2. :
( ):
1. ( ):
2. (II) ( ):
( ) (IV):
( (II) . ( ) :
.
