. . .
, , . , .
.
, .. (.. ), .
, .. . . . , .. .
. .
, , . , , .
, , . : . 2.3, . () , ( ) - .2.3, . . .
( ) , .2.3, b, .
, , .2.3, , . 2.3, . . 2.3, d e .
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, . , . , , , . . , , .
.2.3.
- , .
() . 2.4.
, : , 120º. ( , , ). 12 : , ( 12).
.2.4.
c/a = 1,633. Mg, Be, Zn, Cd, Tl, Ti, Zr, Hf, Sr .
() . 2.5: . 12 ( , , . 2.3).
.2.5.
<111> - . , <110> - - . , , , 12.
Cu, Au, Ag, Al, Pb, γ-Fe, Ca, Tl, Nb, α-Co, Ni, Pd, Ir, Pt .
( ) , , , , . 2.6.
( ). : (. 2.6 ).
.2.6. ,
. 2.7 .
12 ; 12/4 + 1/1 = 4 ( ). , : 8/8 + 6/2 = 4 ( 8 , 8 , ).
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8 ( , /2, , 1/8 ), 8/1 = 8, , . . 2.8 .
.2.7.
( - )
.2.8.
, R . 2.5 .2.6.
. 2.2.
2.2
. = 2R | |
.1 = 2R =0,71 a | |
.h = 2R | |
D = 3h = 2R = a | |
.z = R/ = 0,41R = 0,145a | |
YT = h z = 3/ R = 0,433a | |
YO = R | |
.rT = YT R = 0,225R | |
.rO = YO R = 0,414R |
: , , .
, . .
NaCl ZnS (c) .
ZnS () , , . SiC
, .
Si, C, O, H, N, , , , , .
- .
: , .
(, , ), .
, () . : Ca, Ni, Co.
() , .
, . , , , , . . , MoS2, PbS2 .
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