, b, α
1º) [ b ] = - [b ],
2º) [ ( α ) b] = [ ( α b) ] = α [ b],
3º) [ ( + ) b] = [ b] +[ b].
:
1111 , , 1.
V .1 = | 1 |
111 , , 1.
V .1 = | 1 | / 2.
, , .
V . = | | / 6.
S = | [ ] |
S = | [ ]| / 2.
()
ρ(, ()) = | [ ]|: | |
() ()
ρ((), ())= | |: | [ ]|
6.45. 1, 2, 3
3. , b, , { 1, 2, 3 }: ) (2,-3,1), b (1,1,2), (3,1,-1);
) (-2,1,5), b (3,0,2), (-1,4,2); ) (1,-1,1), b (5,2,-3), (1,4,-2);
) (0,-3,1), b (2,3,11), (1,3,5).
6.46. , , , b, .
6.47. , b, , :
) (2,-3,1), b (1,1,2), (3,1,-1); ) (,3,4), b (0,3,0), (0,4,1).
6.48.
(3,1,2), b (2,7,4), (1,2,1).
= ( b ) + b; q = 3 - ( b) b + .
(2 b+ )( + 5 b)( ), b = 5.
.
.
, , .
(2 b+ )( + 5 b)( ) = 2 ( + 5 b)( ) + (-b)( + 5 b)( ) +
( + 5 b)( ) = ( 2 ) ( ) + (2 ) ( 5 b)( ) +(-b)( ) + (-b)( 5 b)( )+
( ) + ( 5 b)( ) = 0 + 10 b - 10 b - b + b + 0 +
+ 5 b 5 b = 10 b - b 5 b = -- 10 b - b 5 b =
- 16 b = -16 5 = - 80.
( )
.
.. b = 5 0, b, , V. , , { b, , }.
= (2 b+ ) = - b + 2 + (-1, 2, 1)
= ( + 5 b) = 5 b + + 0 (5, 1, 0)
z = ( ) = 0 b -1 + 1 z (0, -1, 1)
, , , , ,
|
|
|
. 80.
6.49. α = (b + ) ( + b + ),
β = b ( + )(b + 2 ), γ =( + b)( + 2 b + )( ). b = 5.
6.50. , b, , α, β, γ . , α - β b, γ b α , β - γ .
6.51. : (2,-4,5), (-1,-3,4), (2,3,5), (6,0,-3), N(1,0,1), 1(0,0,1). ) 1111,
) N11N1, ) .
1111 .