( )
| () | () | () |
| 1- I 2- you 3- he she it | me him , her , it , , , | my , , , ; , , his , , her ; , its , ; , , |
| 1- we 2- you 3- they | us , you , them , | our , , , ; , , your , , , ; , , their ; , , |
Demonstrative Pronouns
( )
: this , , , that , , : these , those .
e.g. Do you know this man? ?
I like these flowers. .
this that one .
e.g. Will you give me some other book? .
I dont like this one. .
such same:
e.g. It is such an interesting book! !
These are such beautiful flowers! !
She said the same to me yesterday. .
That (those) +of .
e.g. The Moscow underground is better that that of any other city. , .
Reflexive Pronouns
( )
| 1- 2- 3- | myself yourself himself herself itself | ourselves yourselves themselves |
:
1. (-), .
e.g. He cut himself. .
2. (, ).
e.g. He speaks very little of himself. .
3. (, ), .
e.g. They themselves said so. .
there + to be
there is/are , - , , , . , .
| Present Indefinite | Past Indefinite | Future Indefinite | |
| There is a book on the table. There are books on the table. (). | There was a book on the table. There were books on the table. (). | There will be a book on the table. . | |
| Is there a book on the table? Are there books on the table? () ? | Was there a book on the table? Were there books table? () ? | Will there be a book (books) on the table? () ? | |
| There is no book on the table. There are no books on the table. (). | There was no book on the table. There were no books on the table. (). | There will be no book (books) on the table. (). |
Grammar Exercises
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I. a) Use the verb to be in Present Simple Tense:
1. Where you from? I from the Ukraine.
2. My father a navigator, but I an ecologist.
3. you a marine engineer? Yes, I .
4. I a student of the Kerch State Marine Technological University.
5. My uncle not a teacher, he a scientist.
6. Learning of foreign languages not an easy thing.
7. The English language a widespread language.
8. You at the English lesson.
9. All students present at the lesson today.
10. I... absent at the university today, I ill.
b) Translate from Russian into English using to be:
1. ? - .
2. . .
3. ? , .
4. .
5. .
II. a) Use the verb to be in Past Simple Tense:
1. The weather terrible.
2. I very depressed last Sunday.
3. She not a doctor, she a teacher.
4. they students last year? No, they were pupils.
5. Why not you at work last Friday?
b) Translate from Russian into English using to be:
1. . .
2. . .
3. , .
4. .
5. .
III. a) Use the verb to be in Future Simple Tense:
1. He a student next year.
2. He a navigator, when he grows up.
3. It a good idea I think.
4. They not be at the lessons tomorrow.
5. you at home on Sunday?
b) Translate from Russian into English using to be:
1. , .
2. . ?
3. ? , . .
4. .
5. , .
IV. Use the verb to have in proper tense:
1. Our university many laboratories.
2. We a lot of lesson today.
3. Yesterday the students of our group four lectures.
4. you the book about ecological problems of modern society.
5. All our laboratories modern equipment.
6. The academic year two terms.
7. Our university two departments: day-time and extra-mural.
8. you a good library at your university?
9. she enough time to prepare her home tasks?
10. you got many subjects to study at the university?
V. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the verb to have:
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1. .
2. .
3. .
4. ?
5. , .
VI. Use prepositions on, in or into:
1. There are many students classroom today.
2. There is no tea my cup.
3. Pour some tea his cup.
4. The teacher hung a picture the blackboard.
5. I opened the door and went classroom.
6. The teacher was writing some words the blackboard. The students were writing these words their exercise books.
7. There were some English books the teachers table.
8. Put the book the bag.
9. The negotiations resulted in the conclusion of an agreement.
10. He is interested in Ukrainian history.
VII. Translate the following sentences using prepositions on, in, at, to, into:
1. . .
2. , .
3. . . . .
4. ? .
5. : . !
6. . .
7. . .
8. . .
9. .
VIII. Open the brackets and use personal or possessive pronouns:
1. The students of (we) group bring (they) dictionaries with them. But (I) friend never brings (he) dictionary. So (I) always give (he) mine.
2. (She) always gives (she) English books to (she) friends. Sometimes (I) use (they) too.
3. Tell (she) to come on Sunday, (they) have asked about (she).
4. (We) shall discuss (your) report on the history of chemistry at (we) next meeting.
5. Can (you) show (we) any models of old and new planes?
6. We now (we) timetable before the beginning of a new school-year. As (you) do not know (you) timetable.
7. (They) will study the physical and chemical properties of elements and (they) compounds.
8. Look at the plane. (It) is in the air. Do (you) know (it) main parts? Yes, I know (they) very well.
9. Tell (we) about (they) reports at that conference.
10. That is (he) English book, not (you).
IX. Use the necessary demonstrative pronouns: this, these, that, those:
1. student studies English.
2. They will go to the Crimea summer.
3. books are for your lesson.
4. are my students.
5. were my happiest days!
6. Our resources of oil are greater than any country.
7. The mineral resources of the Antarctic are probably greater the Arctic.
8. The rivers in the north of our country are longer than in the south.
9. These methods of production are different from used in this district.
10. This machine is more powerful than that operating in our shop.
X. Use the necessary reflexive pronouns:
1. I do my home tasks .
2. This student has prepared his report .
3. On the Moon the force of gravitation in one sixth as much as it is on the Earth.
4. The work was not so difficult but you had to solve many problems.
5. He spoke with the inventor .
6. We couldnt answer the question and the teacher answered it .
7. They can ask the teacher .
8. We didnt know her address .
9. Dont hurt .
10. He knew nothing about it.
XI. Prolong sentences according to the example. Translate them into Russian:
e.g. There is a teacher in the classroom. (many students)
There are many students in the classroom.
1. There is a magazine on the little table (a few newspapers).
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2. There is one book in his bag (some copybooks).
3. There is a bus in the street (many cars).
4. There is the sun in the sky (some clouds).
5. There is the moon in the sky (many stars).
XII. Make up questions with there + to be according to the example:
e.g. There is a bus at the bus stop. (a trolleybus).
Is there a trolleybus there?
1. There is a dictionary in my bag (a textbook).
2. There is some chalk here (a duster).
3. There are some interesting plays in the book (poems).
4. There are many people in the station (trains).
5. There are fruit trees in the garden (flowers).
XIII. Fill in the gaps using there + to be in proper tense. Translate the sentences into Russian:
1. There no place like home.
2. there any places of interest there?
3. There many ways of solving this problem.
4. What books there on the table?
5. There many power stations using atomic energy.
6. There 12 students in our group.
7. there an underground station in this street next year?
8. How many new schools there in your town in a year?
9. There many students in the club tomorrow.
10. There no power station in this region before the war.
Additional task
I. Read the text and find answers to the following questions:
1) In which country is this city located?
2) What is the population of the city?
3) Who was the founder of the city?
London
London is the capital city of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. With a population of over nine million London is a major global city, world's leading center of business and finances, culture and art, media and fashion. As many as three hundred languages are spoken in London.
London is crossed by the Thames River from the southwest to the east. The river played an important role in the city's history. Its waters were deep all year around. This permitted cargo ships to travel far distances and trade with other parts of the region and Europe.
Sometimes Londoners divide the city into North and South London. But there are the following areas or districts of London: the City, the West End and the East End. The City is the oldest and the central area of London. Here financial and commercial businesses are located. The West End is the main shopping and entertainment area attracting numerous tourists, fashion designers, artists, and lovers of luxury life. Here one may find modern buildings, squares, monuments and mansions which are unique samples of architecture. The East End is known for its high immigrant population. Buildings here are rather simple. It is also the most industrialized district of the city. The port and railway terminals are located here. In 1863 the world's first underground system was created in London. It is the London underground, also known as the tube.
London is the best place to visit because there are so many attractions: Tower, St. Paul's Cathedral, Big Ben, Westminster Abbey, Trafalgar Square, Piccadilly Circus, the famous Oxford Street, Dawning Street, and many others. London street buses are called omnibuses and are also a vivid symbol of London.
II. How are citizens of the city called?
| S |
How are citizens of the country called?
| R | S | H |
III. Make up sentences with the following words and word combinations:
| Cable channel | Mass media |
| Satellite television | Radio Stations |
| Television broadcasts | Broadcasting corporation |
| Major newspapers | Domestic and regional issues |
| State-owned agency | Television station |
IV. Learn about sister-cities and write down the country:
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Budapest, R..
Paris, F..
Berlin, G..
Beijing, C
V. Make up your own dialogues using the following questions about Ireland and Dublin:
a) Is Londons location advantageous? Why?
b) Is London a culturally diverse city?
c) Name some districts of London?
d) What is the tube?
e) Is the tower bridge a true symbol of London?
f) What is the official London residence of the British monarch?
g) When and where is the Queens Parade held?
UNIT 3
I. Read and translate the following group of words:
Northern part, industrial capital, typical products, land region, the highest mountain, narrow and shallow, to flow eastward, wide bays, the highest density of population, cabinet ministry, secretary of state.
II. Translate from English into Russian the following words of the same root:
To live liver livable lively liveness; to produce product production productivity producer produced producible producing; deep to deepen deepened deepening deeping deeply; wide to widen widened - widening widespread widely; to inhabit inhabitable inhabitant inhabited - inhabitation
III. Read and translate the text:
Scotland
Scotland is the northern part of Great Britain. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland. There are two largest cities here: Glasgow and Aberdeen. Glasgow is the industrial capital of Scotland. It is the third largest city in Great Britain. The typical products of Scotland are timber, whisky and salmon.
Scotland has three main land regions. They are the Highlands, the Central Lowlands and the Southern Uplands.
Scotland is full of mountains and lakes. The highest mountain is Ben Nevis. There are a lot of rivers there. The river Clyde is Scotland's most important river. Ships from the Atlantic Ocean can sail up the Clyde to Glasgow. The Clyde was narrow and shallow until the 1700's when engineers widened and deepened the river to make it navigable. Scotland's longest rivers flow eastward into the North Sea. Many of Scotland's rivers flow into wide bays called firths.
Scotland has hundreds of islands. A large group of islands called the Hebrides lie off the western coast of Scotland's mainland.
Population of Scotland is about 5 million people. The highest density of population is in the Central Lowlands, where nearly three-quarters of the Scots live, and the lowest is in the Highlands.
There are two languages spoken. English is generally spoken and fewer than 100,000 Scots, who are mainly inhabitants of the Highlands and island groups, also speak the Scottish form of Gaelic.
Scotland is an integral part of Great Britain. It is represented by 72 members in the House of Commons and by 16 Scottish peers in the House of Lords.
Scottish affairs are administered by a British cabinet ministry, headed by the secretary of state for Scotland.
IV. Words to be learnt:
to sail up ,
to flow into
eastward , ,
bay ,
the Hebrides
density
inhabitant
the House of Commons
peer ,
the House of lords
Exercises to the text:
I. Find the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column for the following:
| 1. north | 1. |
| 2. third | 2. |
| 3. timber | 3. |
| 4. salmon | 4. |
| 5. mountain | 5. |
| 6. to deepen | 6. |
| 7. lake | 7. |
| 8. to make | 8. |
| 9. to widen | 9. |
| 10. inhabitant | 10. |
| 11. | |
| 12. |
II. Fill in prepositions if necessary. Translate into Russian:
1. The Clyde was narrow and shallow the 1700's when engineers widened and deepened the river to make it navigable.
2. Scotland's longest rivers flow eastward the North Sea.
3. Population of Scotland is 5 million people.
4. Scottish affairs are administered a British cabinet ministry, headed the secretary state Scotland.
5. Five million people live Scotland.
III. Make up sentences:
| 1. Ships from the Atlantic Ocean can | 1. lie off the western coast of Scotland's mainland. |
| 2. A large group of islands called the Hebrides | 2. where nearly three-quarters of the Scots live, and the lowest is in the Highlands. |
| 3. The highest density of population is in the Central Lowlands, | 3. by 16 Scottish peers in the House of Lords. |
| 4. English is generally spoken and fewer than 100,000 Scots, | 4. sail up the Clyde to Glasgow. |
| 5. It is represented by 72 members in the House of Commons and | 5. who are mainly inhabitants of the Highlands and island groups, also speak the Scottish form of Gaelic. |
IV. Answer the following questions:
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1. Scotland is the northern part of Britain, isnt it?
2. How many main land regions does Scotland have?
3. What is Scotlands most important river?
4. How many Scots speak the Scottish form of Gaelic?
5. Is Scotland an integral part of Great Britain or an independent state?
6. How many representatives does Scotland have in the House of Commons and in the House of lords?
V. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:
1. .
2. , .
3. .
4. .
5. 5 .
6. .
7. .
8. .
9. .
10. .
Grammar Material
The Numeral
( )
.
I. : how many ? (one - , two - , three ).
1. 13 19 teen (thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen).
2. , , ty (twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety).
3. : twenty-three, fifty-seven.
4. hundred, thousand, million s , , , s. (two hundred, hundreds of books)
II. .
1. , (the first, the second, the third) th (the fifth 5-)
2. :
| ½ - a half 2/3 two thirds ¼ - one fourth/ a quarter 2 ½ - two and a half | 0,1 nought point one 0,02 nought point nought two 2,45 two point four five 43,502 fourty-three point five nought two |
Impersonal sentences
( )
, it. it :
1. :
e.g. It is summer. It was hot day . .
2. :
e.g. It often rains in Britain. .
It is freezing. .
to take +it = ,
e.g. It took me two hours to translate this text. , .
3. :
e.g. It was early morning. .
e.g. It is nor far to university. .
4. , , .
e.g. It is difficult to solve this problem without computer. .
.
e.g. It is not necessary to finish this work today. .
Is it necessary to finish this work today? ?
