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National emblems of the United Kingdom




The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses. The upright red cross on a white background is the cross of the 1st George, the patron saint of England. The white diagonal cross on a blue background is the cross of St. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross on a white background is the cross of St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. The Welsh flag, called the Welsh dragon, represents a red dragon on a white and green background.

St. George's Day falls on 23 April and is regarded as England's national day. On this day some patriotic Englishmen wear a rose pinned to their jackets. A red rose is the national emblem of England from the time of the Wars of the Roses (15th century). St. Andrew's Day (the 30th of November) is regarded as Scotland's national day. On this day some Scotsmen wear a thistle in their buttonhole. St. Patrick's Day (the 17th of March) is considered as a national day in Northern Ireland. The national emblem of Ireland is shamrock. St. David's Day (the 1st of March) is the church festival of St. David, a 6th-century monk and bishop, the patron saint of Wales.

In the Royal Arms three lions symbolize England, a lion rampant Scotland, and a harp Ireland. The whole is encircled and is supported by a lion and a unicorn. The lion has been used as a symbol of national strength and of the British monarchy for many centuries. The unicorn, a mythical animal that looks like a horse with a long straight horn, has appeared on the Scottish and British royal coats of arms for many centuries, and is a symbol of purity.

 

II. Make up sentences with the following words and word combinations:

to make up National day
background thistle
patron shamrock
flag bishop
dragon lion

 

III. Read about The Royal standard and the Union Flag and insert necessary prepositions:

The Royal Standard or Royal Flag is the personal flag the Sovereign and may be flown only when the Sovereign is actually present.

The British Union Flag, commonly known as Union Jack, is the countrys national flag. It is composed English cross St. George (red cross a white field), the Scottish cross St Andrew (a diagonal white cross a blue field) and the Irish cross St Patrick (a diagonal red cross a white field).

IV. Find 11 mistakes in the following paragraph about The Regalia:

St Edward Crown, used only at a coronation, may inded data back to Edward the confessor, for the acount of Charles II goldsmith show that he must have usd one of the medieval crons, perheps the Confessors, ading to it the arches, monde, and cross.

The hed of the Sceptre with the Cross, wich was made for Charles II, now contains the star of Africa, at 530 carats the lagest cut diamond in the wold.

V. Make up your own dialogues using the following points:

a) Can you give the information about Ukrainian symbols? What are they and what they mean?

b) Do you know about the symbols of your university? Speak about it.

 

 

UNIT 2

I. Read and translate the following group of words:

The richest country, industrial city, famous city, prehistoric place, ancient circle of stones, massive blocks, splendid example, modern toys, medieval city.

 

II. Translate from English into Russian the following words of the same root:

Industry industrial to industrialize industrialist industrialization industrially industrious industriously; rich riches richly richness; to stand stand stand-in stand-up; to build building build-up builder; mystery mystic - mystical mystically to mystify mystification mysticism; to use using used useability useable user useful usefulness useless uselessly - uselessness

 

III. Read and translate the text:

England

England is the largest and the richest country of Great Britain. The capital of England is London but there are other large industrial cities, such as Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester and other famous and interesting cities such as York, Chester, Oxford and Cambridge.

Stonehenge is one of the most famous prehistoric places in the world. This ancient circle of stones stands in Southwest England. It measures 80 metres across and is made with massive blocks of stone up to four metres high. Why it was built is a mystery.

Not far from Stonehenge stands Salisbury Cathedral. It is a splendid example of an English Gothic Cathedral; inside there is one of four copies of Magna Charta and the oldest clock in England.

Chester is very important town in the north-west of England. In the past it used to be a Roman fort; its name comes from the Latin word castra, meaning fortified camp. In Chester there is a famous museum which contains over 5000 ancient and modern toys.

Oxford is the home of the oldest university of England. The most famous college is Christ Church. It has a great hall which was built during the reign of Henry VIII and its chapel has become the Cathedral of Oxford.

Cambridge is the home of Britain's second oldest university.

York was the capital of Northern England. It is one of the best preserved medieval cities of Europe. It was built by Romans, conquered by Anglo-Saxons and ruled by the Vikings. Birmingham is often called the City of 1,500 trades because of the great variety of its industries.

IV. Words to be learnt:

famous

to measure

cathedral

fort

camp

college

medieval

conquered -

Exercises to the text:

 

I. Find the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column for the following:

1. large 1.
2. rich 2.
3. industrial 3.
4. industrialist 4.
5. stone 5.
6. old 6.
7. to build 7.
8. to preserve 8.
9. conqueror 9.
10. to conquer 10.
  11.
  12.

 

II. Fill in prepositions if necessary. Translate into Russian:

1. This ancient circle of stones stands Southwest England.

2. Not far Stonehenge stands Salisbury Cathedral. It is a splendid example an English Gothic Cathedral.

3. Its name comes the Latin word castra, meaning fortified camp.

4. The most famous college is Christ Church. It has a great hall which was built the reign of Henry VIII and its chapel has become the Cathedral of Oxford.

5. It was built Romans, conquered Anglo-Saxons and ruled the Vikings.

 

III. Make up sentences:

1. The capital of England is London but there are other large industrial cities, such 1. the home of Britain's second oldest university.
2. Stonehenge is 2. four copies of Magna Charta and the oldest clock in England.
3. Cambridge is 3. one of the most famous prehistoric places in the world.
4. Inside there is one of 4. is made with massive blocks of stone up to four metres high.
5. It measures 80 metres across and 5. as Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester

IV. Answer the following questions:

1. What are large industrial cities of England?

2. What is one of the most famous prehistoric places in the world?

3. Where are the oldest clock in England and a copy of Magna Charta now?

4. What is Chester interesting in?

5. What are two oldest universities in England?

6. What was the capital of Northern England?

7. Why is Birmingham called the City of 1500 trades?

 

V. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:

1. .

2. , .

3. , .

4. 4 .

5. .

6. .

7. .

8. .

9. .

10. , .

Grammar Material

To be ()

to be, (-) :

  Present Past Future
I am You are He, she, it is I (he, she, it) was   will
We (you, they) are We (you, they) were will

to be , , , , , .

:

I am a pupil. .

He is an engineer.

She is a teacher. .

It is a book. .

We are Ukrainians. .

You are English. .

They are at home. .

to have ()

Present Past Future
have (I, we, you, they) has (he she, it) had   will have

:

I have a dog. .

He has a pen. .

They had a car. .

She will have a toy. .

 

Preposition ()

, ( ) . . , ( ) .

Prepositions of Location

( )

at work, the lesson, an institute , ,
above my head
before the plant
in front of the plant
behind the building ()
by the machine-tool
in the city, Leningrad ,
on the shelves
over the table the river   the whole country ( )
under the microscope

Pronouns ()





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