1. Pat be very tired at the end of the day. She has a stressful job.
a) may b) can c) must
2. My father be angry with me. He doesnt approve of my getting married.
a) may b) can c) must
3. You have told me about that. I wouldnt be in such a silly situation now.
a) might b) could c) must
4. She have said it! I dont believe it.
a) may not b) cant c) mustnt
5. They have gone for their honeymoon. Theyve just married.
a) might b) can c) must
6. Their company have suffered great fosses. They arent operating at the moment.
a) might b) can c) must
7. They still be working at their new project. But Im not sure.
a) might b) could c) must
8. Its 9 oclock. They be sleeping yet. They do not go to bed so early.
a) may not b) couldnt c) mustnt
9. The phone is ringing. It be Jane. She promised to call at about 6.
a) might b) can c) must
10. Do you hear the bell? Who it be at such a late hour?
a) may b) could c) must
2. Re-ward the following sentences using can, may or must.
1. I dont think he did it all by himself.
2. Perhaps youre right.
3. It is possible that they forgot it in the car.
4. Is it really true?
5. I dont believe she told the truth.
6. It is impossible that he should have refused your request.
7. Evidently he has not read the book.
8. I wonder where it is that you met him.
9. Im certain that he has heard the gong.
10. It was some special occasion, Im sure.
11. He looks wet and muddy. Im sure he has been fishing.
12. No doubt, she is out shopping.
13. I wonder what it is that you have brought in that box.
14. Its possible that he doesnt know we are here.
15. Is it possible that he is giving a course on the Renaissance at the University?
16. It is possible that the news is being broadcast on all the channels.
17. Im certain that they came there on time.
18. Is it possible that we are out of wrapping paper?
19. I dont now see him driving his car. It is possible that something has happened? Evidently his car is undergoing repairs?
20. I wonder what it is that he is doing in there.
21. Lets give her a call again. It is possible that she was asleep and didnt hear the telephone.
22. You have used up all the money I gave you, I suppose.
3.Translate the following sentences into English using the modal verbs can, may, must where necessary; state their functions.
1. ! .
2. ! ?
3. . .
4. , , 19 , .
5. -! , , , - .
6. ?
7. , , , 7 8.
8. , .
9. , -, , .
10. , .
|
|
|
11. , , .
12. : , .
13. , , , .
14. , , .
15. , , - ?
16. , -, .
17. , , .
18. , , , .
19. , .
20. , ?
21. , .
22. ? , .
23. .
24. , ?
25. , -, .
26. .
27. , .
28. , , .
TO HAVE TO
| Meaning | Forms of the modal verb | Ways of rendering in Russian | Forms of the Infinitive | Kinds of sentences | Some other ways of expressing the same meaning | Sentence patterns |
| 1.Obligation, necessity, arising out of circumstances | have (has) to; had to; shall (will) have to; have (has) got to(in colloquial English) Do (does) have to? Did have to? Have(has) got to? (coll.) | , , | Indefinite Infinitive | affirmative interrogative | to be obliged | If you dont take care of yourself, youll have to consulta doctor. I wondered how long I had to stayin hospital. DoSoviet people have to pay for medical care? Did you have to waitfor us? Have I got to wakehim up for the medicine? |
| 2. Absence of necessity. | dont (doesnt) have to; didnt have to; havent (hasnt) got to | , -, | Indefinite Infinitive | negative | neednt do | You dont have to stayin here with me, if it bothers you. You havent got to be operatedon, have you? |
Note: didnt have to do indicates that the action was not performed as there was no obligation.
e.g. He didnt have to water the flowers (and he didnt). It was raining all day long.
TO BE TO
| Meaning | Forms of the modal verb | Ways of rendering in Russian | Forms of the Infinitive | Kinds of sentences | Some other ways of expressing the same meaning | Sentence patterns |
| 1.Obligation, arising out of a plan, an arrangement | am (is, are) to; was (were) to; | Indefinite Infinitive Perfect Infinitive (an unful- filled plan) | affirmative interrogative | to plan; to make a plan; to arrange; to agree; to decide | Today I am to goto the post-office. When areyou to gothere? Yesterday I was to have goneto the post-office to send a parcel, but I wasnt able to. (a planned action was not carried out) | |
| 2. An order, an instruction | ___ ___ | ______ | Indefinite Infinitive | affirmative negative | If your letter contains anything valuable you are to registerit. | |
| 3.Possibility | ___ ___ | Indefinite Infinitive Passive | affirmative interrogative negative | A letter marked Post Restante is to be left at the post-office until it is called for. Where arepostal orders to be cashed? Such envelopes arent to be bought anywhere. | ||
| 4. Something thought of as unavoidable | ___ ___ | Indefinite Infinitive | affirmative negative | I didnt know when I was to geta letter from her. I still hoped to get a letter from her, but it wasnt to be. |
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Note: Remember the following set phrases:
- Where am I to go? ?
- What am I to do? ?
- What is to become of me? ?
- When am I to be there? ?
- Who is to begin? ?
- Who s to blame? ?
- What s to be done? ?
- Hes nowhere to be found? ?
- He is to be pitied? .
- You are to be congratulated. .
- It s to be hoped. .
1. Determine the meaning of the modal verbs to have to, to be to. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. She asked what her husband said about those cheeses. I replied that he directed they were to be kept in a moist place and that nobody was to touch them.
2. The rain was so sudden, so everybody had to take a taxi.
3. I want to know on what terms the girl is to be here said Mrs. Pierce. Is she to have any wages and what is to become of her after youve finished your teaching?
4. He didnt have to hear what Tullis was talking about to know that he was talking about his play and the success it was.
5. It was foolish of her to marry a man so much younger. My only hope is that she wont have to go through as much suffering as she deserves.
6. There is one sort of person who astonishes me. This is the elderly Englishwoman, generally of adequate means who is to be found living alone, up and down the world, in unexpected places.
7. It was an official party. The Trollopes were to have been there, but couldnt come because of the sudden illness of their son Edwin.
8. I did not know then that he was to become my best friend for many years.
9. Guess what! I cant guess. Youll have to tell me.
10. The children are not to touch anything in the room.
11. It was the first and the last ceremony. I was to see.
12. He was to have had a music lesson in the morning but the teacher called up to cancel it.
13. He looked about him for his daughter but she was not to be seen.
