.
. it , , , , , - . .:
| It's no good to worry |
|
| It's no good worrying. |
, , , . :
said, "Do come with me." It was impossible to refuse.
, , ( it's worth it's no use). :
It was nice seeing you;
It's crazy her going off like that.
, . It is worth while doing it BE , a It is worth the while to do it BE, . Nice / Lovely / Pleasure meeting you : Nice / Lovely / Pleasure to have met you.
- it it. it . , What do you think of running him as a candidate? It would be a good idea to do that, do that would be a good idea. it, a , it. .:
|
| assist you would be a pleasure |
|
| It was a pleasure to assist you. |
it . .:
|
| . It's too hot in here to think straight |
|
| . In here is too hot to think straight. |
it . .:
|
| Playing golf is fun. |
|
| It's fun playing golf. |
( , ).
, - it (), to, for, , , , - , , to, , (), of, in to, for. :
It makes a horribly depressing atmosphere, spiritualism (L.);
It cannot happen twice, the fever of first love (D. du Maurier);
It does not matter about me (S.);
It's a different world, here (L.); It was the same to me, win or lose (Ca.);
It is odd, that! (C.);
It is an odd thing, but everyone who disappears is said to be seen at San Francisco (W.);
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|
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It's sweet of you to say so (M.);
It's mighty fine in him to be so kind and forgiving;
It was a great sorrow to us to have no children (C.);
It's all very well for you sitting there behind the table (C.).
it, : , ( ), , , do . :
That was a dreadful place, her first place (Ma.);
She really meant well, his mother (Ro.);
What was most amazing he reckoned there would be enough cotton (Wa.);
What with her and Super, I never get enough sleep (J. Cleary) (What with "-");
There is a further complication, that the sane and cunning murderer for profit... is the least likely to be discovered;
Here was a ticklish business, this living (D.);
As was customary at MacHardie's he had a room of his own (.) ( , as is known, as was stated, as seems best, than was usual .. it. as than it (.: it is known as is known), it .)
The suggestion is not that these girls don't really want second or third children (MS.);
Will general and unchanging misery ever cause people to do anything for themselves: strongly protest, let us say? (D.).
it , . :
... not to have seen a black beedle (= beetle)! Well! It was as if to say you'd never seen your own feet (Ma.).
And George, where did he go? (R.); Crisp, tasty biscuits. They might have been made for your children And where did George go?; Crisp, tasty biscuits might have been made for your children: . ( ).
, it ( ) do. . :
had guts too, Fatso did (Jo.);
She's had a hard life, has Ma Parker (Ma.).
- ;
- ;
- .
, , . . ( :
) ;
) ;
) -;
) ;
) - ( ) - ( );
) . :
a) I never heard you sing so well, never (J. Joyce);
6) They've all got to be prayed for - everyone (Ma.);
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|
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) Miss Lawson's story is Miss Lawson's story. Just that (C.);
) That was what she would love a houseboat (A. Coppard);
) The jury felt-the whole court felt-that she hadn't got a chance (C.);
People were kind to me. Mr. and Mrs. Watkins especially (Cr.);
Oh. she's famous - or was (Q.).)
1) :
/ : That's just perfect, that is! ( );
/ : It's proper country this is (J. Walsh);
/ : The guy was scared... he was (Che.);
/ : I feel quite wild, I do (Ma.);
/ : It made us both ill, that did (W. Jacobs).
, sure. :
It is really 
nice, sure it 
is?
2) , . :
should be properly fed - all of them should! (J. Galsworthy);
I think differently. We all do (K. Prichard).
, , . :
Jim is insane. He must be! (Q.).
3) . . :
He's almost human, Bob is. (.);
thought about it, Eksar did (W. Tenn);
. ain't a bad lad, our Harry ain't (DW.);
She was nuts on public-houses, was England's Virgin Queen (J. Jerome).
, ( ). :
Getting in my way, you are;
Likes his beer, John does.
. , it ( It is known that he is honest), ( ). .:
|
| It is easy to please John |
|
| John is helpful, cooperative, and easy to please. |
, , . .:
|
| Louise felt sorry for them, but they did not seem to care (Di.) |
|
| ...they seemed nottocare. |
.
. () ( ), . , Last summer they taught arithmetic to children : " ", But they didn't teach them anything : " ". . :
|
| Mary unintentionally taughtlinguistics to John(.. -, ) |
|
| Mary unintentionally taughtJohn linguistics. |
: , , -.
, ( ), . .: We sent it to John, *We sent John it ( BE). , . We sent 'im it , We sent him it.
|
|
|
to . .:
|
| - The book was given to John by Alice; |
|
| BE - The book was given John by Alice. |
. . .:
|
| took up his suitcase, his suitcase |
|
| It annoyed me that Joanna had to sling the suitcase in, the suitcase-, in. ( . |
1) . : keep your hair on, don't put yourself about on my account, to talk a person round, to see a thing through, to shout a person down, to throw up the sponge, to bring off a scoop .
2) . : Take your shoes off, but keep your socks on, your shoes your socks shoes socks.)
( , ), . :
Take your hat off;
He seemed to be thinking the matter over.
, , . .:
|
| Here is your hat; put it on |
|
| Our unknown murderer has got to think up something else. |
it your hat, . something else .
do + -ing / She did her own ironing (.) be / have + done + . :
When we were done writing about Sondra it was my turn to leave the room (.).
do , - : , (), (). :
a) Helen did her own ironing, and an occasional shirt for Garp (Ir.);
6) You have gloves on to do a killing (Cha.).
, , (, , ). :
I usually do most of my washing and ironing on Mondays;
I did a lot of running when I was younger.
, , 1) , , , 2) . :
1) had not chosen her. His parents did the choosing (Bu.);
He can keep silent. I'll do the talking (Ga.).
. - it , , . it, , , , . .:
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|
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|
| . thinks it great fun ducking me |
|
| .... to duck me; |
|
| He thinks ducking me is great fun (Ha.). |
:
I. ;
II. ;
III. , I;
IV. to.
I. , . , Do you admit the facts to be true? , Do you admit the facts? Do you admit the truth of the facts?. *Do you admit prices to be too high? - admit prices. , , , , , . : *I learned the report to be correct. I learned the report I learned (about) the correctness of the report ,
. , learned : - " " " ". -. : It proves them to have the necessary qualifications *It proves them to lack the necessary qualifications. - prove lack. , : , , [to prove out = to turn out to be adequate or satisfactory (Webster's seventh new collegiate dictionary)].
, . , , , . :
) , ) , ) .
) be, , be. : I know him to be here; We have known such conditions to exist (=to be); We find them to last longer (= to be more durable). . .: You declared the money to be enough *You declared the money to meet their needs.
) I see them to have arrived , . . .: I believe (can imagine, know, would guess) him to have taken bribes *I believe (can imagine, know, would guess) him to take bribes.
)
. , . : Suspecting him to accept bribes, the judge convened a grand jury to look into the matter "The judge suspected him to accept bribes ( to be , : The judge suspected him to be a bribe-taker; The judge suspected him of accepting bribes).
, . , () (): I judge his whole prediction to have proved out.
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II. : 1) ( ), 2) , 3) , , 4) .
2) , , . : ) , , ) , ) , ) , ) .
) , want , , . : She wants me to go with her (.). want . : I want you should go down in the basement (D.).
) , , ,
, love hate. : I'd hate my husband to know about this.
) , consider, think, believe, know, feel, understand, suppose . : I consider him to be the best candidate. . : I consider that he is the best candidate.
) think - , be. : thinks himself a great poet (LD.); I thought her rather clever (ib.). : *1 think her to be the best candidate. be ( ) . : I think she's the best candidate.
) say - hint intimate. "They said it to be the right one They said it was the right one It was said to be the right one. say for . :
Mother said for him to sit down and have some dinner with us.
3) I , , : ) -ing, ) , , ) -ing, ) , ) .
) , I - .
) I ( see, feel, hear, watch), , " - - " ( discover, find, catch, encounter, come upon). : We watched John ( ""John's) running across the field; We found Billy / him ( *BUly's / his) stealing a cookie from the jar.
( remember, recall, imagine) ,
. : I remember him / his stealing the money.
) -ing , , , , I. , (, all, each, some, few), . : will not hear of that being possible;
I'm not surprised at young or old falling in love with her.
-ing, , , , . .: We appreciate his being discreet We appreciate Professor Wesley Abemathy being discreet. , (.. , ). :
We appreciate Marion / Marion's being discreet.
, - . .: I don't like your going so fast I don't like you and him going so fast. , . : They remarked about my son and me being well qualified to keep each other company.
) -ing ( , ), . : We watched John running across the field. , , . : We appreciated his being discreet about the matter.
) : -, - 1.
: . : His saying that surprised us.
4) , . .: . had his fruit stolen . His fruit was stolen.
III. I , , - . . ) I , ) , , ) BE.
) I , Continuous, , , , , - , .
, I, , , , , I , - . .: I saw Doug running across the field " , "; I saw Doug run across the field " , () ". *I saw Bob drown, so I rescued him " , () , ". I . .: I saw Bob drowning, so I rescued him " , , ".
. I : I heard the door slamming all night long-, I heard the door slam just after midnight. , . : I saw him enter the room, open a drawer and take out a revolver.
remember, imagine, recall, picture I,
. : I can easily remember / recall / imagine / fancy / picture Billy stealing a cookie from the jar. in the act of. : I can easily picture Billy in the act of stealing a cookie from the jar.
can / could + see / hear, .. Continuous (. . 53), , I. : could see a Great Horned Owl winging and circling overhead (A.); Somewhere he could hear a woman weeping, very faintly (G. Johnston).
, , , I, , , (. . 102).
, ( lie, lean, stand), , , , I. : I saw the girl lie / lying on the bed. , .. , , , , I. : I saw the glasses lying ( *lie) on the bed.
, I Continuous, , .
know, expect, judge I, Continuous. : I judge them to be having fun, *I judge them having fun.
I, - . , , Continuous. .: We felt the ground giving way under foot " , - " We felt the ground to be giving way under foot " , - ".
) , , , , I. .: I heard him speak; I saw him come; Watch him go I observed them walking; I spied them approaching;
Don't stare at me eating.
) have, , . : Have Mr Smith come in, please. I BE, . : We'll soon have your car going again.
IV. to , (see, watch, notice, hear, feel) , (make, let, have, bid), to. see feel "", "", , , .. to. , know "", "", to. .
: ) , , ) , ) , ) BE.
) "". to. , *They found him walk away, I found my attention wander.
) know : ,
.
(, , to) see feel, , sense, show, view. .: Can you show it happen? " , ?" ( ) Can you show it to happen? " , ?" ( ).
. , watch listen to to. : Watch Jim do it (LD.); I won't listen to you be ridiculous.
, hear, , , . .: (?)I heard them to be unwilling; (?)I hear them to be unwilling; I've heard them to be unwilling. , , . .
) make to . : The very sound of her voice at a distance, went to my heart like an arrow, and made all my nerves to shrink (J. Hogg).
, , . , get She got him dig away the snow , have She had him dig away the snow.
) know to BE. : I had never known him ask a favour of this kind before (C. Snow).
to to.
to , II . , I saw him rejected :
" , / " " ". , be, a get, .. *I saw him
be rejected, a I saw him get rejected. be , , , , . : I have seen him be rejected; I used to see him be rejected; Again and again I saw him be rejected.
be get : be , , get , . .: I have seen him be rejected " , " I have seen him get rejected " , / ".
to (understand, assume, conceive, assert, claim). (suppose, imagine, think, believe, find) II. .: We assumed all of them to be quite sold on the project We supposed all of them quite sold on the project ( be - . .:
We assumed all of them to be quite happy with the project We supposed all of them quite happy with the project).
. , , . , + ().
, , . :
the wind's easing;
his smile's bitterness;
the show's end.
of , / . , -, : , , , , of , . , end, - the show's. The daughter of former Premier Harold Macmillan (MS.) former Premier Harold Macmillan, - The daughter.
, - , . .:
|
| the corner house |
|
| the house on the corner; |
|
| clarity of speech |
|
| ,-. speech (clarity of) (Sp.); |
|
| on the following day |
|
| on the day following; |
|
| military exercises |
|
| Exercise Britannia (" ''"). |
, (.. ) . , The Union of concerned scientists " ", a the scientists concerned - ", ". . :
|
| collection of coins " " |
|
| coin collection " " |
|
| bottle of wine " " |
|
| wine bottle " " |
|
| the man responsible "" |
|
| the responsible man " " |
|
| Operation Pacific " ''" |
|
| Pacific Operation " ". |
(, left, right) , :
the dog on the left.
, , :
house of cards
heart of gold
letter of credit ""
piece of paper
the back of the bus
molasses candy
black death
heavy water
presents galore (" ")
President elect (" "),
-, , a man asleep, , , main.
, , . .:
|
| a man from Birmingham |
|
| a Birmingham man |
|
| a man from Greece, * Greece man. |
() . :
a sorry sight, * sorry girl;
an angry man, a man angry an angry storm, * storm angry.
. : - an 'English teacher " " English - an 'English 'teacher " " . , , the then President (), , :
Surely the way to do that was to accept the now Frank as the always Frank (C. McCullough).
, II, . .:
|
| The burnt paper was thrown away |
|
| The paper burned was my letter. |
, . .
- , - . :
the car's engine " "
a car engine " ".
, , , :
cow's milk
a cow's horn.
, , :
chicken soup
:
goat's cheese - goat cheese.
, - . , , . .:
|
| boy's socks |
|
| baby clothes. |
BE , . .:
|
| BE- a baby's bottle, a baby's pram, a doll's house; |
|
| - a baby bottle, a baby carriage, a doll house. |
, , :
1) (, books to be read), a - (a house to let), (books to read);
2) , - (.: The best play to be performed that year = The best play that was performed that year The best play to perform = The best play for you to perform / The play you should perform);
3) nothing to do to be done (.: nothing to do " " nothing to be done " ");
4) (.: - There's a lot of work to do - There's a lot of work to be done).
- / . .:
|
| . was miserable unless he had neighbourswith whom to quarrel |
|
| ....neighboursto quarrel with. |
- -. :
...to-the-second regularity (Q.);
The story of I love you (MN.).
, , , prices and incomes policy.
. . . .:
|
| walked home quickly / (?)quickly home. |
. .:
|
| She ate quietly in her room / in her room quietly. |
. , , , . .:
|
| ran quickly around the track at the park / around the track at the park quickly ( *He ran around the track quickly at the park). |
. .:
|
| She eats lunch quickly every day at noon / at noon every day. |
, , , , . .:
|
| She eats lunch quickly every day for lack of time / in order to have some time to read. |
, . - , . , :
I left the party, because of his wife being there, well before midnight.
, , , - . .:
A knife is a tool for cutting with
I want a knife to cut the bread with (i.e. to cut this particular loaf).
, enough + to, , so... as + to - . .:
|
| was foolish enough to leave his car unlocked ( ) |
|
| was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked ( ). |
. , + / + / [(+ ) + ] + / / in / on + . :
We will live together, three of us (Bu.);
She was for him, every cell in her (Q.);
The hospital is in my church, or what remains of it (Li.);
I lit a match and cupped it near his face, or what was left of it (M. Spillane);
The coppers have got soft hearts as well, some on (= of) 'em (MS.);
Let's keep our pride, what we have left of it (E.).
. so is your father your father is too . . , . :
You're a rotten egg and so is your father ((?)your father is too) ( ).
(because, since, although, in spite of the fact that), . :
Macy's offers a lot of good buys, although Gimbel's does too ((?)although so does Gimbel's).
. . .:
|
| a) It is strange that he has not returned yet?; |
|
| 6) That he has not returned yet is strange. |
() . . . :
What they want is / are revolutions everywhere.
It seems to me I think / believe (BE), I guess ( I reckon ( . BE).
, . like, " , ", " ", " " . :
If someone attacks a colleague of mine like he did, he is going to get the answer from me;
It looks like it's going to rain.
.:
|
| BE - It looks asif it's going to rain. |
The fact remains, The question is . :
Nevertheless, Major Hoegle, the fact remains. I am not able to go alone (Li.);
The question is. When had the digitalis been dropped into that pitcher? (Q.).
, , ( ) :
.-. The man whom I saw was called Smith;
.-. The man who I saw...;
. The man that I saw...;
The man I saw...;
. BE, AuE- There's a good many of us chaps as has been in France (L.);
BE- "Did he have any children?"- "A son what was killed in the war." (C.).
, whom who, whom , , who whom, , , , (. who whom . 12). :
There were some people you knew that you could trust, whom you were certain would never let you down (A. Clarke).
. :
I can think of some very successful professional men, former pupils of mine at Lincoln, who I don't think are very bright (Her.).
one of + those (+ ), . one, .. . :
Jack is one of those rare individuals who have (16%) / has (84%) decided on a definite career.
:
1)
.-. 1950 is the year in which I was born;
. 1950 is the year which I was born. in;
. 1950 is the year I was born in;
2)
.-. 1950 is the year when I was bom;
. 1950 is when I was bom.
. 1950 is the year I was bom . the way . - which that, - of which - whose, , . :
This is the picture which / that caused such a sensation;
New York is a city the nickname of which / whose nickname is "The Big Apple".
(. ), , , .
, , , , , (begin, finish .). :
The pain that the major had spoken about had started.
( beat, push, fix), , . :
On the agenda for the Court that afternoon, over which he was going to preside...
, , / , , , - . :
I know the mess you've gotten this girl into.
, , , , . :
These were routine matters on which the chiefs had given him discretion to act.
, - .
. :
flipped channels until he found something he was interested in watching (R.).
To . :
You see, evidently Nadina didn't bring the jewels with her to the rendez-vous, as they had counted on her doing (C.).
. it, , , , , that when (. , . 99). it . :
I thought it peculiar that she hadn't written, I take it that..., I hate / like it when...
it it . , I expected it that there would be a big turnout , , , I expected that there would be a big turnout , , .
, that, , that, BE , . that , - , : agree, announce, argue, assume, aver, calculate, conceive, contend, hold, indicate, learn, maintain, object, observe, reckon, remark, reply, state, suggest, telegraph. that believe, dare say, presume, suppose, tell, think be told, confess, consider, declare, grant, hear, know,
