| Noun | Adjective |
| enzyme | enzymatic |
| digest | digestive |
| bacterium(pl. bacteria) | bacterial |
| rectum | rectal |
| intestine | intestinal |
| pancreas | pancreatic |
1. The cecum contains that break down plant material.
2. The final straight part of the large intestine is .
3. juice contains digestive enzymes that pass to the small intestine.
4. The small intestine is the longest part of the alimentary canal and the site of most digestion.
5. The stomach is a muscular, hollow, dilated part of the... system.
6. Infections in the large can cause diarrhea.
Exercise 2. Which organ:
- produces saliva?
- is responsible for decomposition of red blood cells?
- produces several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin?
- consolidates the feces?
- is responsible for plasma protein synthesis?
- secretes amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into glucose?
- contains bacteria that break down plant material?
- is the site of most enzymatic digestion and absorption of nutrients?
- is responsible for detoxification?
- is a muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach?
- secretes protein-digesting enzymes and gastric acid to aid in food digestion?
Exercise 3. Complete the following sentences.
1. The structures of the oral cavity include
2. The esophagus is
3. The stomach is
4. The stomach is located between
5. The small intestine is
6. The subdivisions of the small intestine include
7. The caecum is
8. The large intestine includes
9. The functions of the large intestine are
10. The salivary glands are
11. The pancreas is
12. The functions of the liver are
13. The gallbladder is
Exercise 4. Draw a pathway of food through the digestive tract.Start with:
Food enters the
↓
| Oral cavity |
↓
↓
↓
↓
| Liver→ | ←Pancreas |
↓
↓
↓
Feces leave the body
Exercise 5. Give the English equivalents of the Russian words in brackets.
1. The digestive system includes the alimentary canal, oral structures and ( ).
2. The mechanical part of digestion involves ( , , ).
3. The structures of the oral cavity include (, , , , ).
4. There are two ( ) in the esophagus.
5. The stomach is ( ) of the digestive system.
6. The stomach secretes (, ).
7. There are four ( ) of the digestive system.
8. The liver produces () which aids in digestion, via the ( ).
Exercise 6. Translate from Russian into English
1. . , . Ƹ , (bile duct) .
2. - , , , , , .
3. - , , ( , , ).
4. : , . .
5. , . .
6. (80% ) , .
|
|
|
Exercise 7. Test yourself by answering the following questions to see how much you remember and understand.
1. What parts does the digestive system consist of?
2. What parts does the alimentary canal include?
3. What is the major function of the digestive system?
4. What activities does digestion involve?
5. What is the oral cavity responsible for?
6. What is the esophagus?
7. Where is the stomach located?
8. What does the stomach secrete?
9. What is the longest part of the alimentary canal?
10. Does the cecum in mammals vary considerably in size?
11. What part of the alimentary canal is an important instrument in the conservation of water?
12. How many accessory glands are there in the digestive system?
