e-, banner, cards, ad, page, slot, target, businessmen, purchases, site
1. banner …
2. …-market
3. place …
4. possess credit …
5. convince …
6. Web …
7. make …
8. to be taken to …
9. banner …
10. hit the …
Grammar: “Be used to + ing” and “used to + infinitive”.
We use “be used to + ing” to mean “be accustomed to”:
I’m used to driving my new car now, but I found it very strange at first.
We can use “get used to + ing” e.g: I’ve got used to driving my new car:
After “be/get used to” we can also use a noun phrase e.g: He isn’t used to English food.
We use “ used to + infinitive” to talk about past habits which are now finished e.g.:
I used to take night shifts at work, but now I work in the daytime.
Ex. I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form “to + ing” or “to + inf”.
1. It won’t take you long to get used______ (work) with your word processor.
2. My parents used__________ (live) in London, but now they live in Bristol.
3. Bruno is Italian, but he has lived in London for over 5 years. He has got used ________ (eat) English food now, but when he first arrived in England he didn’t like it very much.
4. Mike found Africa strange at first. He wasn’t used __________ (live) in such a hot climate.
5. I normally go to bed at about 10 o’clock. I’m not used __________ (stay) up late.
6. I used ___________ (work) on a farm once and had to get up at 5 o’clock every morning. It was difficult at first because I wasn’t used ________ (get up) so early.
“Used to be”
We also use “used to” for past situations and states which are no longer true:
Robert used to be very slim when he was younger.
The negative of “used to” is normally “didn’t use to” (= did not use to):
I didn’t use to live in London.
We also use “never used to”:
You never used to love classical music.
We normally form questions with “did … use to …?”:
Where did you use to live?
“Would”
We use “would” to talk about someone’s typical behaviour in the past:
When I was a child my father would sometimes take me fishing.
Note: when we talk about past habits, we can use “used to” or “would”. When we talk about past states, we can use “used to”, but not “would”:
My grandfather used to be a policeman.
Ex. II. Turn the sentences into the negative form:
1. He used to be very patient with children.
2. At wartime people used to help each other a lot.
3. I never used to enjoy rap.
4. They used to book the seats in advance.
5. The students used to gather together after each school day to discuss their matters.
Ex. III. Which of these sentences can be completed with either “used to” or “would”? Which of them can only be completed with “used to”?
1. We ______________ live in a village in the North of Ukraine.
2. When Robert was younger, he ________________ go running every mourning.
3. When Andrew was a small baby, he ________ cry a lot.
4. When I was little, I ___________ be afraid of the dark.
5. When we were children, we ____________ visit my grandmother every Sunday afternoon.
6. When Mrs. Woods was younger, she ____________ play tennis every weekend.
7. Years ago I _____________ have a motorbike.
8. There _________ quite a lot of parks in the city, but now there are very few.
9. They ______________ sit together and chat for hours.
Ex. IV. Talk about your past habits. Start like …
1. I used to ……… when I was ………….
2. My family used to ……………………..
3. We would …………… for ……………
4. However, we never used to ……………
5. And you, did you use to ………………..?
Oral practice: This is New York
Ex. I. Pre reading questions:
How do you imagine New York? Describe it in 5-7 sentences. Use the prompts: skyscrapers, rush hour, overcrowded, lack of car parks, cosmopolitan, noisy, challenging.
Ex. II. Read the text and put down the names of the sights as you read.
This is New York
The Big Apple
People often call New York 'The Big Apple'. Why? In the 1920s and 1930s, jazz musicians all wanted to work in New York.
'There are a lot of apples on the tree', they said 'but when you take New York City, you take the Big Apple!'
More than twenty million people visit New York every year. Lots of them say it is the most exciting city in the world.
When visitors think about New York, they usually think about Manhattan – an island 21.5 kilometres long and 3.7 kilometres wide. But New York has five 'boroughs': Manhattan, Brooklyn, The Bronx, Queens and Staten Island. The city has 10,000 kilometres of streets, and seven million or more people live here.
But New York was not always a big city…
In the beginning
Four hundred years ago, Manhattan island was the home of the Algonquin Indians. In 1609, a man called Henry Hudson came up the river to Manhattan. He was British but he was on a Dutch ship, The Half Moon. Today the river is called the Hudson river.
In 1626, a Dutchman called Peter Minuit came to Manhattan, and he paid the Indians about twenty-four dollars for the island. Minuit put up some houses, and called the little town New Amsterdam.
By 1647, about 500 people lived in New Amsterdam, and the Governor was a Dutchman called Peter Stuyvesant. But in 1664, the British took the town from the Dutch and changed its name to New York.
Ellis Island was the first stop for the 'New Americans' when they came to New York. All the ships bringing people from Europe to America stopped here.
The Brooklyn Bridge opened on 24 May, 1883, and thousands of New Yorkers came to see it. There were too many of them. The big crowd pushed some people off the bridge into the water; more men and women died under the feet of the crowd.
Visiting the city
There are a lot of things to see in New York, and it is easy for the visitor to get to the different parts of the city.
In Manhattan, the avenues go north and south, and most streets go east and west.
When you take the subway – New York underground railway – first ask, 'Where am I going?' Are you going uptown (north) or downtown (south)? You can buy a subway token for your journey before you get on train. The subway is noisy and dirty, but it's cheap and quick.
There are buses on most avenues and on the bigger streets. They run for twenty-four hours each day.
New York taxis are yellow and there are 11,000 or more of them. You can stop one in the street, or you can usually find one near the big hotels.
You can also take a ferry journey. The Staten Island ferry leaves from Battery Park every twenty or thirty minutes, twenty-four hours a day.
Looking up
If you want to look at the buildings in New York – look up! The city is full of skyscrapers. Many of them are not very beautiful, but some are wonderful, and very modern. Some skyscrapers are interesting because you can see for many kilometres from the top. Some are interesting because of the work people do inside. Some are world-famous.
The Statue of Liberty… Liberty Island, New York Harbour. Take a ferry from Battery Park. The French people gave this statue to the American people in 1886. You can walk up 354 stairs to get to the top of the statue. There is a museum on Liberty Island, at the foot of the statue.
The Empire State Building… at Fifth Avenue and 34th Street. Between 1931 and 1970, it was the highest building in the world. It has 102 floors, is 448 metres high, and you can see 120 kilometres from the top. A plane hit the the 79th floor in 1945.
The World Trade Center… on Church street and Liberty street. The highest buildings in New York before the terrorist act on September 11th, 2001 (110 floors). Two skyscrapers with more than one hundred floors. There were shops and restaurants inside.
The United Nations Building… on the East river at First Avenue and 45th Street. You can see the flags of every country in the United Nations along the front of the building.
Museums
New York’s museums have the works of some of the world’s best and most famous artists. The Metropolitan Museum of Art is the biggest museum in New York, and is on Fifth Avenue.
Children will love the Brooklyn Children’s Museum at 145 Brooklyn Avenue, but it’s for everyone in the family.
For something different, visit the New York City Police Museum at 235 East 20th Street.
New York and New Yorkers
Some visitors find that New Yorkers are not very friendly. Some are, some aren’t. Some taxi drivers talk all through the journey, some talk if you talk to them, but only to say ‘Yeah!’ or ‘OK!’
Is New York dangerous? Perhaps it is, but so are many big cities.
Remember that New York can be very hot in the middle of summer and very cold in the middle of winter.
The city is always changing. You can hear the noise of buildings going up or coming down all the time. Cars and buses stop and start, and policemen blow whistles at the drivers. WALK or DON’T WALK signs go on and off, and people run between streets and avenues.
That’s New York.
That’s the most exciting city in the world.
