Word list:
· a sole trader
· temporary loan
· partnership
· restrict
· large-scale enterprise
· predominate
· retailing
· solicitor
· to be liable for
· irrespective of
· stake
· insolvent
Questions:
1. Who is a sole trader?
2. What is a partnership?
3. What is the major problem with partnerships?
Unit X.
Part I
Ex. I. Pre-reading questions:
1. Have you ever heard of wire transfers?
2. Do you think the demand for money transfers will grow?
Ex. II. Read the text:
Money Transfers
Lucrative cash-by-wire trade attracts banks. More banks are setting up money-transfer services in response to an increase in the amount of money being wired into Ukraine.
Most of the wire transfers are money coming to Ukraine from abroad. Transfers inside and out of the country account for about 3 percent of the total transactions.
According to the industry sources, about 97 percent of all money transfers in Ukraine involve money being wired from abroad into Ukrainian banks.
One reason for that statistic is that Ukrainian laws make it difficult to wire money out of Ukraine.
But there has also been a clear increase in demand for wiring money into Ukraine, a trend that appears to be driven by the West's Ukrainian diaspora. Half of the money originates in the United States and Canada and ends up in Western Ukrainian cities. Lviv and Ternopil each receive about 20 percent while Chernivtsy residents claim 7.5 percent of the incoming cash.
Of the small amount of money that is wired out of Ukraine 25 percent goes to Russia. Another 19 percent is wired to Georgia, and Americans are recipients of another 10 percent.
Banking analysts predict that the demand for money transfers will continue to grow. As a result, more Ukrainian banks are entering the market hoping to get a piece of the action.
It is a lucrative business. Banks and transfer services charge fees of from 1 percent to 5 percent of the total amount being wired.
With more than 600 transfer centers Aval Bank is well ahead of the pack, but competition is growing almost daily.
Aval Bank claims to account for about 63 percent of all money transfers made through Western Union, the most popular money wiring service in Ukraine. Western Union has been offering its services in Ukraine since 1995.
Active Words and Phrases:
| lucrative | вигідний, прибутковий | transaction | справа, угода, ведення ділових операцій |
| cash-by-wire trade | торгівля через комп‘ютерну мережу | to wire money | переказувати гроші через комп’ютерний зв’язок |
| money transfer | грошовий переказ | to charge a fee | брати внесок |
Ex. III. Discussion.
1. Have you ever wired or received money through a money wiring service? If so how big was the charge fee?
2. The passage it taken from "Kyiv Post" paper of November, 2000. Has the situation changed since? Is the competition tougher now? Has it made the money wiring service more accessible to the public?
3. Aval Bank is named as the leading transfer center. Is it still true of today? What makes it a lucrative business? What are your predictions for future?
Ex. IV. Complete the sentences with words from the text above:
1. Cash-by-wire trade attracts…
2. Most of the wire transfers are money coming to Ukraine from…
3. Ukrainian laws make it difficult to wire money…
4. Of the small amount of money wired out of Ukraine 25 percent goes to…
5. Banking analysts predict that the demand for money transfers…
6. Banks and transfer services charge fees of …
7. Western Union has been offering its services in Ukraine since…
Ex. V. Give the corresponding nouns or verbs to:
| Noun | Verb |
| Attraction | - |
| - | Transfer |
| Wire | - |
| Involvement | - |
| - | Increase |
| - | Originate |
| - | Reside |
| Prediction | - |
| Charge | - |
| Competition | - |
| - | Offer |
| Service | - |
Ex. VI. Role-play dialogues using the information in the text above. Start and continue as:
A. – When did you last wire or receive money in this country?
B. – The last time I received/sent money by wire was…
A. – What are the advantages and disadvantages of the wire transfers?
(Use: laws, demand, trend, fee, enter the market, a lucrative business, the most popular money wiring services, offer services)
Ex. VII. Translate the following phrases from Ukrainian into English:
1. Все більше банків розпочинають надавати таку послугу, як комп’ютерний грошовий переказ.
2. Українські закони затрудняють переказ грошей за межі України.
3. Останнім часом збільшується попит на переказ грошей з-за кордону в Україну.
4. Вигідний бізнес комп’ютерного переказу притягує банківську сферу послуг.
5. Близько 25% одержувачів грошей з України – це громадяни з Росії.
Part II
Ex. I. Pre-reading questions:
Do you have an E-mail box? Do you enjoy sending messages by E-mail? Would you like to communicate exclusively by E-mail? If not give your reasons.
Ex. II. Read the text and complete "the good things" and "the bad things" column with your own ideas.
| The good things It's so quick. You can just tape out a letter on your computer and press SEND. You can send the same letter to your hundreds of friends all around the world in a few seconds. You can spread the news on the latest gossip really quickly. Your can communicate with your favorite film star and pop star. You use your favorite writing paper and different coloured inks and you put stickers on the envelopes. You think carefully about what you're writing because you can't easily correct mistakes. You can send that Valentine's Day card which took you so long to make and which will really impress the recipient. | The bad things Sometimes you wish you had re-read the letter before sending it. Most of your friends aren't on e-mail. And those that are don't like getting exactly the same letter as everybody else. You accidentally send a bit of hot gossip to someone who really shouldn't see it. They never write back. Or you just get loads of junk mail in return. You have to go out and buy your favourite writing paper, pens, stickers and envelopes. It takes hours to write a letter. Then you've got to go to the post-office. Your friends abroad don't write to you. They've all got e-mail and you haven't. There's a postal strike so your rival's boring e-mail Valentine gets there before yours. |
Active Words and Phrases:
| net | мережа | accidentally | випадково |
| link | з'єднувати | loads of | безліч |
| snail | слимак; тут: тихохід | junk | непотрібний |
| tap out | відстукати | sticker | наліпка |
| spread | поширювати | recipient | одержувач |
| gossip | плітка, чутка | rival | суперник |
Ex. III. Find Appendix “E-mail abbreviations” at the back of the book and write a 5-7 line E-mail message using the suggested abbreviations.
