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The Present Perfect Continuous is used to denote:
, :
a. With dynamic verbs
a.
An action begun before the moment of speaking and continuing up to it or into it
(often used with adverbial modifiers of time introduced by since and for; also with such phrases as all smb's life, nearly a week (etc.), quite a while):
, ( (- ) (- ).
e.g. I have been writing since morning.
I have been staying here nearly a week.
He has been walking for two days.
I ve been sitting here quite a while.
You ve been finding faults with me all your life.
An action which was in progress quite recently and seems relevant at the moment of speaking.
, , , .
e.g. I ve been walking in the rain. (= I am all wet through.)
I see you have been crying. (= You look sad; your eyes are red with weeping.)
I ve been thinking about what you told me. (= I have arrived at some decision.)
I ve been talking with your boyfriend, Jane. (= I have formed an opinion of him.)
N.B. In negative sentences the Present Perfect Continuous is not common. The Present Perfect is preferred in this case. But the Present Perfect Continuous should be used in negative sentences if the negation refers to the circumstances attending the action rather than the action itself.
N.B. . . , .
e.g. I hope you havent been waiting for ME. (with the logical stress on me. = I know you have been waiting but I hope it is not for me.)
, . ( . = , , , .)
A relatively future action in adverbial clauses of time and condition introduced by when, before, after, as soon as, till / until; if, unless, in case, provided (providing) to express an action expected to be in progress in the future prior to another future action.
, , , after, , , , , , / , , , , .
e.g. He will get accustomed to the surroundings after he has been staying here for a week or two.
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a. With stative verbs
a.
A process or state of some duration which began in the past and is still going on.
, .
e.g. There is one thing I ve been meaning to ask you.
I ve been feeling so lonely of late.
I ve been wanting to talk to you.
To take a rest is what she has been needing these days.
I II. 4. 2. THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
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The Past Perfect Continuous is used to denote:
, :
a. With dynamic verbs
a.
An action begun before a given past moment and continuing up to it or into it
(often used with adverbial modifiers of time introduced by since and for, also with such phrases as all smb's life, nearly a week (etc.), quite a while):
, ( (- ) (- ), , ( ..), ).
e.g. She had been crying ever since her man had left her.
She suddenly realized that it was now completely dark and that she had been walking for a long time.
An action which was in progress just before a given past moment and was relevant afterwards.
, , .
e.g. It was evident she had been crying.
They had been walking as fast as they could and reached the station before the dark.
I wondered what she had been thinking about.
N.B. In negative sentences the Past Perfect Continuous is not common. The Past Perfect is preferred to the Past Perfect Continuous unless the negation refers to the circumstances under which the action took place rather than the action itself.
N.B. . , , , .
e.g. I knew she hadnt been sleeping sound ENOUGH. (with the logical stress on enough. = I knew she had been sleeping but it was also clear to me that her sleep was rather bad.)
But we say We hadnt corresponded for years. instead of We hadnt beencorresponding for years.
a. With stative verbs
a.
A process or state of some duration which began in the pre-past and was still going on in the past.
, .
e.g. She took her time to examine a spot on the wall which she had been noticing for a week or so.
