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III. The use of Tense forms




III. 1. THE SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) TENSES

(˨)

III. 1. 1. THE PRESENT SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) TENSE

(˨)

The Present Simple is used to denote:

, :

 

A recurrent (repeated, habitual) action in the present time (with terminative verbs). Time expressions commonly found in this case include: always, daily, never, often, sometimes, usually, every day / week / year etc., at night, in the morning / afternoon / evening;

(, ) ( ). , : , , , , , , / / .., , / / ;

e.g. I go to work every day. We write two tests each term. He wakes up around 3 oclock.

 

A permanent action or a simple fact (universal, general truth) (with durative verbs);

(, ) ( );

e.g. I teach English at a collage. I live in Moscow. Some insects fly, some dont. The Volga flows into the Caspian Sea. Horses eat oats and hay.

 

A continuous action going on at the moment of speaking (instead of the Present Continuous):

, ( ):

a) with stative verbs,

) ,

e.g. I understand what you mean. The cake tastes sweet. He wants to speak to you.

 

b) with dynamic durative verbs if the action in the present is to be just named, not viewed in its progress,

b) , , , ,

e.g. You talk nonsense, so I won't listen to all that.

 

c) in exclamatory, interrogative, negative and negative interrogative sentences,

c) , , - ,

e.g. How swiftly the years fly! Why do you talk like that to me?

 

A future action:

:

a) if the action is expected to take place in the future according to a timetable, schedule, program worked out officially and imposed upon public.

Verbs commonly found in this case include: go, come, start, leave, return, arrive, etc.

a) , , , , . , : / , / , , / , , , ...

e.g. The train leaves at 6.00 A.M. The Olympic Games start on Saturday. The lecture begins at 9.00 P.M.

 

b) in subordinate clauses of time (introduced by when, while, until / till, before, after, as soon as / once), condition (introduced by if, unless, in case, provided (providing) and (rare in usage) concession (introduced by even if, even though, no matter how, whenever, whatever, however),

b) ( , , / , , , ), ( , , , / ( ) ( , , , , , ).

e.g. I shall phone you, when he comes. She wont go shopping, unless you join her. Whatever he chooses to do in the future, he will be a success.

 

c) in the object clauses after to see, to take care, to make sure;

c) , , , , , ;

e.g. I'll see (to it) that the invalid is looked after properly. We should take care that nothing goes wrong. Make sure that no harm comes to her.

 





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