Выражает длящееся действие в будущем. Это действие началось до определенного момента в будущем и будет продолжаться до этого момента, о котором идет речь.
Употребляется редко.
Образуется:
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Will have been doing
By next month you will have been learning English for three months. – В следующем месяце будет три месяца, как ты изучаешь английский язык.
Упражнение 52
Раскрой скобки
1. I … (do) it by 12 o’clock tomorrow. 2. I … (finish) my work by six o'clock tomorrow. 3. I … (make) a cake by the time they will come. 4. How many pages … you (read) by five o'clock tomorrow? 5. How many letters … you (send) by next Monday. 6. They … (come back) by 9 o’clock. 7. She … (call) you by six o’clock tomorrow. 8. He … (buy) her a present by next week. 9. This time next month I … (swim) in the sea. 10. They … (produce) a new model by next month. 11. By next month we … (live) together for ten years. 12. By next week I … (drive) the car for a month. 13. He … (read) this book for two weeks by next Saturday. 14. He … (repair) his car by April. 15. By next month I … (work) there for a year.
Past Perfect Tense
Выражает действие, которое уже завершилось к определенному моменту в прошлом или до другого действия в прошлом.
Образуется:
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Had done
She had left by the 1st of September.
They had never seen him before yesterday.
He had already gone when I arrived.
Me father had visited London before, and so the city was not new to him.
After she had cried, she felt better.
Past perfect Continuous Tense
Выражает длительное действие, которое началось до какого-то момента в прошлом, длилось в течение какого-то периода времени и продолжалось до этого момента или закончилось в прошлом.
Образуется:
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Had been doing
The class had been discussing the party for some time when the teacher came in.
When I came he had been sleeping for an hour.
I thought he had been sleeping since 3 o’clock.
He felt tired when he came home as he had been playing football.
Упражнение 53
Поставьте глаголы в форму Past Perfect.
1. He … (return) from the work by ten o'clock. 2. He said he … (buy) a car. 3 She thought that she … (loose) her keys. 4. By the time we came home, she … already (cook) dinner. 5. She said she … (make) a cake. 6. He understood that he … (leave) his books at home. 7. When the teacher came in, the student … (finish) their exercises. 8. I thought, she … already (come back). 9. When we came to the bus stop, the bus … already (leave). 10. When I came, they … already (go) to the theater.
Упражнение 54
Поставьте глаголы в форму Past Perfect или Past Perfect Continuous.
1. She thought that she (lose) the money. 2. When we came in, the film … already (start). 3. He was very tired, because he … (work) the whole day. 4. He said that he … (not see) this film before. 5. He showed us the house that he … (buy). 6. They … (repair) their car for an hour by the time we came. 7. Mother saw that children (not clean) their room. 8. The teacher understood that students (not do) their homework. 9. We didn’t buy a new computer because we … (spend) our savings. 10. She … (do) the washing up for half an hour when the phone rang. 11. She was happy because she … (pass) her exam. 12. He looked tired. He … (run) for two hours. 13. Ann returned the book that I … (lend) her. 14. She brought us flowers that she … (gather) in the garden. 15. She said that she … (read) the book for a week.
Модальные глаголы
Modal Verbs
Модальные глаголы не выражают действия, а передают лишь отношение говорящего к действию. Действие же выражается инфинитивом, который следует за этим модальным глаголом без частицы to.
Их называют modal auxiliary verbs (can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should, could).
Они не имеют форм герундия, причастия (-ing) и инфинитива (кроме ought to…).
You must go.
I’ll help you.
You ought to see the doctor.
He can’t dance.
Can I help you?
What should I do?
He must be tired.
У модальных глаголов обычно нет формы прошедшего времени. Вместо нее используют другие выражения:
I had to work hard at school.
Они могут быть употреблены с перфектным инфинитивом, когда речь идет о действии в прошедшем времени.
You should have told me that you can’t swim.
You might have drowned!
Modal verbs 1
1. Can (уметь, мочь) = be able to do smth
Can you come to a meeting next week?
Please inform us if you are able to attend a meeting next week.
Но: be able to имеет формы, которых нет у can.
I’d love to be able to fly.
I’d like being able to make a noise if I want.
I’ve never been able to cook.
She’ll be able to see you tomorrow.
Как правило, о способности сделать что-то в прошедшем времени мы используем could:
I could swim when I was four.
Но если речь идет о том, что удалось сделать в прошлом один раз, нужно использовать was able to или managed to.
The man was drowning, but she managed to swim to him and save him.
The prisoners managed to / were able to escape by tying up the warders.
Исключения: глаголы чувственного восприятия (see, hear, smell, taste, feel) и мышления (understand, remember).
I could smell something burning.
We could understand why she was so upset.
Отрицательную способность сделать что-то, выражают с помощью couldn’t (в прошедшем).
My mother couldn’t swim until she was 47.
I couldn’t find my wallet anywhere.
2. Must выражает обязанность.
Утвердительная форма
| I You He She It We You They | must | do | smth |
Общий вопрос
| Must | I you he she it we you they | do | smth? |
