1. Adopt a) living in or characteristic of farming or country life
2. option b) the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock
3. overexploitation c) one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen
4. rural d) any specific activity
5. agriculture e) take and use a method, ideas, theories, plans
6. resolve f) exploitation to the point of diminishing returns
7. activity g) a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote
8. wildlife h) a structure supporting or containing something
9. framework i) result that you try to achieve
10. target j) wild animals, birds etc.
2. Read the word combinations and give their Russian/Kazakh equivalent
1.systematic assessment ______________________
2. without degrading ______________________
3. social aspect _______________________
4. implementation and monitoring of plans ______________________
5. assistance to decision makers ____________________
6. most beneficial _____________________
7. the most satisfying results ___________________
8. the planning cycles _____________________
9. erosion hazard _____________________
10. local targets ____________________
11. popular awareness __________________
12. existing planning ___________________
13. wider framework __________________
14. own advantages __________________
15. higher level support _________________
Text № 3: Rural and agricultural land use planning
Land use planning can be defined as the systematic assessment of land and water potential, alternative systems of land use and other physical, social and economic conditions. The purpose is to select and adopt land use options which are the most beneficial to land users without degrading the resources or the environment, together with the selection of measures most likely to encourage such land uses. In the broadest meaning of the term, land use planning deals with planning for all types of land use (rural, urban, industrial, recreational, etc.).
Land use planning involves many aspects of planning such as designing planning options, evaluation of feasibility (economic, environmental, social impact assessment), providing assistance to decision maker, implementation and monitoring of plans. Rural land use planning is concerned with all (economic) activities in rural areas, such as agriculture, pastoralism, forestry, wildlife conservation and tourism. Besides evaluation of the potential of different activities, rural land use planning assists in resolving conflicts of interests between groups of land users. Some of the key aspects of agricultural land use planning are physical and socio-economic ones. Physical aspects involve land evaluation (mapping, analysis, suitability matching), identification of opportunities for change (improve existing land use system, suggest new land use systems), natural resources management (sustainable land use systems).
The objectives of socio-economic aspects include identification of target groups, weighting options and connection with other administration/ planning. Such land legislation as access to land, ownership of resources, land reforms are also included in socio-economic aspects as well as training technical staff, farmers and financial framework like credit schemes and products marketing. Land is a limited resource and the misuse of land can lead to such problem as non-sustainable land use: processes of overexploitation (overgrazing, deforestation, erosion hazard). We need to conserve land resources for future use through sustainable land uses. For successful land use planning it is important to determine the best use of the land. It is necessary to take into consideration efficiency, equity, acceptability and sustainability of the land.
Find the synonyms of the following words
Local ________________
Start _________________
Benefit ______________
Advantage _____________
Option _______________
Vantage ______________
Choice ______________
Begin ______________
Regional _____________
Income ________________
4. Find antonyms of the following words
1.Satisfied _____________
2. find ______________
3. high ____________
4. popular ____________
5. encourage ____________
6. low _____________
7. unpopular ____________
8. lose _____________
9. narrow ____________
10. wide ____________
11. discourage ________________
12. unsatisfied _________________
