The US Army also is pursuing a THAAD system as an "upper tier" defense to hit incoming missiles at higher altitudes, from 25 to 62 miles.
The mission of the THAAD battery is to protect the force and selected geopolitical assets from TBM attack. THAAD batteries provide the upper tier of a two-tier defense against tactical ballistic missiles by engaging them at long ranges and high altitudes (the Patriot system is the lower tier of defense). THAAD can conduct both endo-atmosphere and exo-atmosphere intercepts using hit-to-kill technology.
THAAD defense systems are alerted to an incoming missile by orbiting satellites with infrared sensors. Once theincoming missilecomes within range, the interceptors use ground-control radars to lock onto the target. THAAD's ground-control radar is a high-frequency "X-band" system that operates in frequencies above 10 gigahertz to provide a detailed image of the target. THAAD interceptors are fired from launchers carried on trucks, and guided to the vicinity of the target by the satellites and the X-band radar. Once the interceptor reaches an altitude of about 40 kilometers, the booster portion of the missile falls away, with the hit-to-kill vehicle continuing on an intercept course. When it reaches acertain range from the target, the kill vehicle opens a seeker head. The seeker can identify the warm target against the cold background of space, and its processor uses the image to direct a collision course optimized for the type of target. THAAD uses an infrared seeker because it attacks targets above the weather, while the lower-altitude PAC-3 uses a millimeter-wave radar to locate targets in clouds.
Communications
Squads and platoons must be able to communicate to control and coordinate movement and fires, send and receive instructions, request logistical or fire support, and gather and distribute information.
There are many ways to communicate. Each has its own capabilities and limitations. The primary types of communications available at platoon level are visual, sound, messenger, wire, and radio.
Visual signals are the most common means of communicating in squads and platoons. Arm-and-hand signals, flags, flashlight s, and pyrotechnics can be used to rapidly transmit messages and instructions.
Pyrotechnics can be used as signals at any time. In daylight, and in conditions of limited visibility such as fog, rain, or falling snow, they are less effective.
Sound communications include such simple devices as whistles, horns, gongs, and explosives. Sound signals are used mainly to attract attention, transmitprearranged messages, and spread alarms. Sound signals work but only for short distances.
Messengers are fairly secure means of communicating and usually the best way to send long messages that cannot be delivered personally by a commander. Using a messenger, though, is the slowest means of sending information, and it depends on the messenger not being delayed, captured, or killed. Messages sent by messenger should be clear, concise, and complete.
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When possible, the whole platoon is tied together through the use of a wire net. The wire net consists of field wire laid among carrier teams and dismount teams. All field communications wire consists of two independently insulated strands twisted together to form one wire. There are several ways the platoon wire net can be set up, depending on whether the platoon is totally mounted or partially dismounted.
Because threat forces have an extensive radio intercept capability, radio is used within the platoon only when messages cannot adequately be sent by other means. When radios are used, transmission s must be short and to the point. Each APC has an AN/GRC-160 radio mounted. Each squad, the platoon leader, and the platoon sergeant have either the squad radio AN/PRC-88.
AN/GRC-160. The AN/GRC-160 radio can be mounted in and operated from the vehicle, or it can be dismounted and used as a portable radio (AN/PRC-77). When mounted, it is powered by the vehicle's electrical system. The planning range mounted is 12 kilometers. When it is dismounted, it is called an AN/PRC-77 and can transmit up to 8 kilometers. It is powered by its own battery (BA-4836).
AN/PRC-88. Some units may be equipped with the AN/PRC-88 squad radio. The squad radio consists of two pieces of equipment, an AN/PRT-4 transmitter and an AN/PRR-9 receiver. Both the transmitter and receiver have preset crystal-controlled frequencies that can be changed as needed by the battalion communications platoon.
AN/PRT-4. The transmitter of the squad radio is battery-powered and has two channel s. Channel 1 has a range of 1,600 meters. Channel 2 has a range of 500 meters. The purpose of the two channels is to give the platoon an alternate frequency. In addition to voice, the AN/PRT-4 can transmit a tone. This may be used to send a prearranged signal, such as an alert from an observation post. Battery life is about 35 hours for the BA-399.
AN/PRR-9. The receiver of the squad radio will receive Channel 1 and Channel 2, one at a time. It is battery-powered. Two types of batteries can be used in the receiver. The dry cell battery (BA-505U) has a life of about 14 hours, and the magnesium battery (BA4505U) has a life of about 28 hours.
| s | Answer the questions |
1. What is SHORAD weapon employed for?
2. What missile system is used to provide HIMAD?
3. What do you know about the Stinger weapon system?
4. What weapons are designed to cope with the AD threat beyond the year 2000?
5. How does a radar set operate?
6. What is the inherent disadvantage of the Patriot weapon system?
7. Why does THAAD use an infrared seeker?
8. What primary types of communications do you know?
9. What does squad radio consist of?
| > | Read, decipher and translate abbreviations |
AD; SHORAD; HIMAD; ADA; IR; NUV; IFF; AD GM sys; ECM; TVM; RS; ECS; THAAD; comm.; TBM; POL; ASP; MANPADS; sys;
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| Translate into Ukrainian |
Air defense materiel; high-to-medium-altitude air defense; close-in air defense weapon; fire-and-forget weapon; air defense guided missile system; jamming; threat; saturation; high- and low-altitude surveillance; missile tracking; track-via-missile guidance; downlink; engagement control station; theater high altitude air defense system; incoming missile; ground-control radar; communication(s); sound communications; wire communications; visual signal; flashlight; messenger; extensive radio intercept capability; radio; channel; to engage enemy aircraft at all altitudes; to hit incoming missiles at higher altitudes; to be alerted to an incoming missile by orbiting satellites with infrared sensors; to send, receive and transmit messages and instructions rapidly; operations at night or in bad weather; last-ditch defense; "upper tier" defense; high-priority maneuver unit; automated operation; ammunition storage point; harness; command post; millimeter-wave radar; dismount team; portable radio; tactical ballistic missile; processor; self-contained; mobile AD system; exo-atmosphere intercept; vehicle's electrical system; battalion communications platoon; magnesium battery; to employ in support of maneuver forces; to engage target; to require control from the gunner after firing; to be capable of defending assets and areas in support of Army field forces; to provide a greater accuracy than other types of guidance systems; to fire interceptor from launcher carried on truck; to communicate to control and coordinate movement and fire; to transmit prearranged messages; to be delivered personally by a commander; to insulate strands; to operate from the vehicle; to provide the necessary protective cover for the division; to cope with the air defense threat; to illuminate a target; to reflect waveform energy from the target; to provide air defense for forward combat elements against aerial platforms; to provide a detailed image of the target; to identify the warm target against the cold background of space; to be tied together through the use of a wire net; to have preset crystal-controlled frequencies; to provide a detailed image of the target.
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| Translate into English |
; 䳿; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (); ; -; ; - (); ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; , , ᒺ ; ᒺ ; ; - ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ( ); ; - ; ; ; ; , ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; , ( ); ; ; ; ; ; ( ); 10 ; ; ; ; (); .
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| Translate quickly |
Air defense; ; short range air defense weapon; ; air defense artillery system; ; infrared/negative ultraviolet (IR/NUV) seeking; ; identification friend-or-foe subsystem; ; electronic countermeasures; ; deception; 䳿 ; defense suppression; ; multifunction phased-array radar; ; target tracking; ; missile guidance; ; radar set; ; guidance computation; (); receiver; - ; hit-to-kill technology; , ; interceptor; ; high-frequency "X-band" system; - (); communication (s); ; sound communications; ; wire communications; ; visual signal; ; flashlight; ; messenger; ; extensive radio intercept capability; ; radio; ; channel; ; to engage enemy aircraft at all altitudes; , , ᒺ ; to hit incoming missiles at higher altitudes; ᒺ ; to be alerted to an incoming missile by orbiting satellites with infrared sensors; ; to send, receive and transmit messages and instructions rapidly; - ; operations at night or in bad weather; ; last-ditch defense; ; "upper tier" defense; ; high-priority maneuver unit; ; automated operation; ; ammunition storage point; ; harness; ; command post; ; millimeter-wave radar; ; dismount team; ; portable radio; ; tactical ballistic missile; ; processor; ; self-contained; ( ); mobile AD system; ; exo-atmosphere intercept; ; vehicle's electrical system; ; battalion communications platoon; ; magnesium battery; ; to employ in support of maneuver forces; , ; to engage target; ; to require control from the gunner after firing; ; to be capable of defending assets and areas in support of Army field forces; ; to provide a greater accuracy than other types of guidance systems; ; to fire interceptor from launcher carried on truck; ; to communicate to control and coordinate movement and fire; ; to transmit prearranged messages; ; to be delivered personally by a commander; , ( ); to insulate strands; ; to operate from the vehicle; ; to provide the necessary protective cover for the division; ; to cope with the air defense threat; ; to illuminate a target; ; to reflect waveform energy from the target; ( ); to operate in frequencies above 10 gigahertz; ; to continue on an intercept course; ; to gather and distribute information; 璺 ; to transmit; ; to give the platoon an alternate frequency.
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| A | Build up your vocabulary |
| transmission | |
| reception | |
| telegraphy | ; |
| multi-channel radio communication | |
| satellite communication link | |
| communication band | |
| communication facilities | |
| communication satellite | |
| data communication | |
| fiber-optics communication | - |
| teletypewriter | |
| radio teletypewriter | |
| facsimile | ; |
| command signal center | |
| cryptographic section | |
| radio net | |
| VHF UHF communication |
| N | Translate at sight |
-159
, (backpack), , , -, , , - , , . ' .
ij 30 75,999 , 1 .
' , - , - . , (flagpole antenna) 2,7 , 30-49,999 , 18 , 25 .
30-60 - 5 , 60-75,999 - 4,5 . , - 3,5.
2- 10 -3,5 10 -7,0 12 5:1 9 .
:
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
2- : - .
:
- ;
- ;
- "" "" - 1;
- 5 ;
- "" ;
- ;
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| O | Translate by ear |
