.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


Topic 6. The Harmonized System




Ex. 6.1. Read these Russian phrases and match them with their English equivalents in Ex. 6.2:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. , 11. 12. 13. , 14. 15.

Ex. 6.2. Translate a scrap of dialogue below about the HS into Russian, sentence by sentence:

1. What prompted the development of goods classification systems? 1. The authorities have always wanted to impose taxes on goods moved within their territories or across their territorial boundaries. In industrialized societies, it became important to know the level of foreign trade.
2. What were the first goods classification systems like? 2. They consisted of two lists an alphabetical list of goods to which a particular tax was applied and a list of goods exempt from such levies.
3. What criteria were used for goods classification in the early 20th century? 3. Within this classification system, Customs tariffs were based on the nature of goods. Particular products were identified for different taxes.
4. When was the first uniform statistical nomenclature adopted? 4. It was adopted in 1913, at the Second International Conference on Commercial Statistics held in Brussels. The draft Customs Nomenclature was prepared in 1931 and revised in 1937.
5. What was the structure of The Geneva Nomenclature? 5. The Geneva Nomenclature comprised 991 headings, arranged in 86 chapters which were themselves grouped into 21 sections.
6. What amendments were made to the Geneva text and why? 6. Geneva-type tariffs had quite a few shortcomings. The amendments were also made to reflect technical progress. It was decided that the headings of the Nomenclature should be established by a convention. This draft was rearranged, simplified and incorporated into the Brussels Convention of 1950, initially known as Brussels (Tariff) Nomenclature (BTN). In 1974 it was renamed as the Customs Co-operation Council Nomenclature (CCCN).
7. What created favourable conditions for the standardization of Customs tariffs? 7. The postwar years saw the drive for economic reconstruction and the desire for greater freedom of trade which created favourable conditions for the standardization of Customs tariffs.
8. Why did the efforts to rationalize and harmonize trade documentation data continued all through the 1960s and the 1980s? 8. It was necessary to harmonize the designation and coding of countries, units of quality, modes of transport, transport requirements and commodities. It was found, for example, that a commodity could be categorized up to 17 times in the course of a single international transaction.
9. What preparatory work was carried out before the Harmonized System was completed? 9. First, Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System was completed. Then in 1983, a new international convention was established for its implementation.
10. What are some of the purposes the Harmonized System is now used for? 10. Customs tariffs, trade statistics, internal taxes, freight tariffs, trade policy formulation and negotiations, and determination of the origin of goods are just a few examples. Another important area is the tracking and control of goods of environmental and social concern.
11. Why is it essential to categorize goods accurately and unambiguously? 11. Misclassification of goods could result in delays in clearance, evasion of trade controls, distortion of trade data and, last but not least, in the loss of revenue.

Ex. 6.3. Translate the sentences below into English:

1. , .

2. : , , , .

3. 20 .

4. 1913 , .

5. 1931 1937 .

6. .

7. .

8. , , .

9. .

10. , , .

Ex. 6.4. Cover the Russian sentences with a sheet of paper and translate the English ones into Russian. Then cover the English sentences and translate the Russian ones into English. Open the other variant of the text, line by line, to check yourself:

Topic 7. Code of Conduct

Ex. 7.1. Read these Russian phrases and then match the parts of the word combinations belowto get their English equivalents:

A B C D E / F / G / H () I J K L . M N O -. P Q R S T U

 

1.accept (x 2) 2.breach 3.commit 4.comply 5.deliver the revenue 6.establish 7.follow 8.high 9.illegal 10.in a fair 11.in the course 12.influence 13.inspire 14.integrity 15.mak 16.official 17.prosecution 18.regulate 19.take 20.written a.and unbiased way b.bribes c.ethical standards d.gifts e.exportation / importation of goods f.improper advantage (of) g.information h.manual i.of criminal law j.of official duties k.of the service l.offences m.or disciplinary action n.public confidence (in) o.routine decisions p.smbs behaviour q.standards of behaviour r.that is due to the state s.the decision t.the proper procedures u.with the law

Ex. 7.2. Translate a scrap of dialogue below about the Code of Conduct into Russian, sentence by sentence:

1. What law regulates Customs officers behaviour, making routine decisions, carrying out the proper procedures? 1. There is a written manual that tells Customs officers the proper procedures they must follow to comply with the law. There is also a code of conduct that establishes standards of behaviour expected of Customs officers.
2. What offences committed by Customs officers are regarded most gravely? 2. Offences involving drug trafficking, fraud, accepting bribes, or illegal importation or exportation of goods. A corrupt Customs Service will not deliver the revenue that is due to the state. It will not be efficient in the fight against illicit trafficking.
3. How are Customs officers penalised for breaking the law? 3. Breaches of criminal law will lead to prosecution or disciplinary action.
4. Can a Customs officer accept gifts or benefits from companies which have dealings with Customs? 4. No, the offering of gifts or benefits may be seen as an attempt to influence the decision of a Customs officer.
5. Why is it essential for Customs officers to demonstrate high ethical standards? 5. Customs has important public responsibilities and must inspire public confidence in the integrity of the service.
6. What is expected of a Customs officer as far as their personal behaviour is concerned? 6. Customs officers are to perform their duties efficiently. They should use their authority in a fair and unbiased way. And they cant take improper advantage of any official information acquired in the course of official duties.

Ex. 7.3. Translate the sentences below into English:

1. , .

2. , , .

3. , () , .

4. , , , , .

5. .

6. , .

7. (. ) .

8. , .

9. , .

10. , .

 





:


: 2016-10-30; !; : 640 |


:

:

- , .
==> ...

1541 - | 1343 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.017 .