Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets

1. You went to Jill's house but she wasn't there. (she/go/out) She had gone out.

2. You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn't the same as before.

(it/change/a lot)

3. I invited Rachel to the party but she couldn't come.

(she/arrange/to do something else)

4. You went to the cinema last night. You arrived at the cinema late.

(the film/already/begin)

5. I was very pleased to see tim again after such a long time.

(I/not/see/him for five years)

6. I offered Sue something to eat but she wasn't hungry.

(she/just/have/breakfast)

Форма контролю: виконані вправи

Література: за загальним списком

 

 

С\О № 22.

Тема: Місто

Мета:

· Розширити словниковий запас учнів з теми, ввести ЛО до активного словника студентів

· Розвивати вміння працювати самостійно та навики самостійно-пошукової роботи

· Формувати практичні літературного перекладу англомовного тексту на українську мову, вміння правильно передавати авторський задум

· Виховувати цілеспрямованість, толерантність та культуру спілкування, формувати компетенцію студетів

Завдання:

1,Письмово перекласти текст на українську мову.Зверніть увагу на переклад абревіатур

Tips for Living in Oxford

 

Each year the Oxford Police Department produces an informational brochure on some of the laws in Oxford that are considered core “quality of life” issues as well as general information about policing in Oxford.

OPD has divided the City of Oxford into five districts, and a team of officers are assigned to each district. Though all officers patrol the Oxford area in general, the district teams allow residents to meet specific officers to discuss issues, concerns, and problems, and work with those same officers to find solutions. District teams will be knocking on doors within their area over the next month, shaking hands, introducing themselves, and opening avenues of communication with Oxford Residents. The Tips sheet is one of the items they will be handing out.

The Tips sheet does not cover every issue and problem encountered in Oxford when working toward a better quality of life. It does contain some of the most frequently asked questions regarding certain issues in Oxford, such as litter, noise, and community oriented policing. Over the coming months, the newsletter and the website will offer information regarding issues and problems that come to our attention. Tips sheets will also be utilized to address season-specific information, as this one addresses general issues that face our community each fall.

Please take a moment to open the PDF file found below, TIPS FOR LIVING. If you have difficulty accessing it and would like a hard copy or if you need further information on these issues or other concerns, please contact Amy Gabbard at 524-5247 or email Amy Gabbard.

Форма контролю: письмовий переклад

Література: за загальним списком

 

Додаток1 A Brief History of the English Language

 

The English language belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European family of languages. The closest undoubted living relatives of English are Scots and Frisian. Frisian is a language spoken by approximately half a million people in the Dutch province of Friesland, in nearby areas of Germany, and on a few islands in the North Sea. The history of the English language has traditionally been divided into three main periods: Old English (450-1100 AD), Middle English (1100-circa 1500 AD) and Modern English (since 1500). Over the centuries, the English language has been influenced by a number of other languages. Old English (450 - 1100 AD): During the 5th Century AD three Germanic tribes (Saxons, Angles, and Jutes) came to the British Isles from various parts of northwest Germany as well as Denmark. These tribes were warlike and pushed out most of the original, Celtic-speaking inhabitants from England into Scotland, Wales, and Cornwall. One group migrated to the Brittany Coast of France where their descendants still speak the Celtic Language of Breton today. Through the years, the Saxons, Angles and Jutes mixed their different Germanic dialects. This group of dialects forms what linguists refer to as Old English or Anglo-Saxon. The word "English" was in Old English "Englisc", and that comes from the name of the Angles. The Angles were named from Engle, their land of origin. Before the Saxons the language spoken in what is now England was a mixture of Latin and various Celtic languages which were spoken before the Romans came to Britain (54-5BC). The Romans brought Latin to Britain, which was part of the Roman Empire for over 400 years. Many of the words passed on from this era are those coined by Roman merchants and soldiers. These include win (wine), candel (candle), belt (belt), weall (wall). ("Language Timeline", The British Library Board) The influence of Celtic upon Old English was slight. In fact, very few Celtic words have lived on in the English language. But many of place and river names have Celtic origins: Kent, York, Dover, Cumberland, Thames, Avon, Trent, Severn. The arrival of St. Augustine in 597 and the introduction of Christianity into Saxon England brought more Latin words into the English language. They were mostly concerned with the naming of Church dignitaries, ceremonies, etc. Some, such as church, bishop, baptism, monk, eucharist and presbyter came indirectly through Latin from the Greek. Around 878 AD Danes and Norsemen, also called Vikings, invaded the country and English got many Norse words into the language, particularly in the north of England. The Vikings, being Scandinavian, spoke a language (Old Norse) which, in origin at least, was just as Germanic as Old English. Words derived from Norse include: sky, egg, cake, skin, leg, window (wind eye), husband, fellow, skill, anger, flat, odd, ugly, get, give, take, raise, call, die, they, their, them. ("The Origin and History of the English Language", Kryss Katsiavriades) Several written works have survived from the Old English period. The most famous is a heroic epic poem called "Beowulf". It is the oldest known English poem and it is notable for its length - 3,183 lines. Experts say "Beowulf" was written in Britain more than one thousand years ago. The name of the person who wrote it is unknown. Middle English (1100-circa 1500 AD): After William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, invaded and conquered England in 1066 AD with his armies and became king, he brought his nobles, who spoke French, to be the new government. The Old French took over as the language of the court, administration, and culture. Latin was mostly used for written language, especially that of the Church. Meanwhile, The English language, as the language of the now lower class, was considered a vulgar tongue. By about 1200, England and France had split. English changed a lot, because it was mostly being spoken instead of written for about 300 years. The use of Old English came back, but with many French words added. This language is called Middle English. Most of the words embedded in the English vocabulary are words of power, such as crown, castle, court, parliament, army, mansion, gown, beauty, banquet, art, poet, romance, duke, servant, peasant, traitor and governor. ("Language Timeline", The British Library Board) Because the English underclass cooked for the Norman upper class, the words for most domestic animals are English (ox, cow, calf, sheep, swine, deer) while the words for the meats derived from them are French (beef, veal, mutton, pork, bacon, venison). ("The Origin and History of the English Language", Kryss Katsiavriades) The Middle English is also characterized for the beginning of the Great Vowel Shift. It was a massive sound change affecting the long vowels of English. Basically, the long vowels shifted upwards; that is, a vowel that used to be pronounced in one place in the mouth would be pronounced in a different place, higher up in the mouth. The Great Vowel Shift occurred during the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries. The most famous example of Middle English is Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales", a collection of stories about a group of thirty people who travel as pilgrims to Canterbury, England. The portraits that he paints in his Tales give us an idea of what life was like in fourteenth century England. Modern English (1500 to the present): Modern English developed after William Caxton established his printing press at Westminster Abbey in 1476. Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press in Germany around 1450, but Caxton set up England's first press. The Bible and some valuable manuscripts were printed. The invention of the printing press made books available to more people. The books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Printing also brought standardization to English. By the time of Shakespeare's writings (1592-1616), the language had become clearly recognizable as Modern English. There were three big developments in the world at the beginning of Modern English period: the Renaissance, the Industrial Revolution, and the British Colonialism. It was during the English Renaissance that most of the words from Greek and Latin entered English. This period in English cultural history (early 16th century to the early 17th century) is sometimes referred to as "the age of Shakespeare" or "the Elizabethan era", taking the name of the English Renaissance's most famous author and most important monarch, respectively. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I there was an explosion of culture in the form of support of the arts, popularization of the printing press, and massive amounts of sea travel. England began the Industrial Revolution (18th century) and this had also an effect on the development of the language as new words had to be invented or existing ones modified to cope with the rapid changes in technology. New technical words were added to the vocabulary as inventors designed various products and machinery. These words were named after the inventor or given the name of their choice (trains, engine, pulleys, combustion, electricity, telephone, telegraph, camera etc). Britain was an Empire for 200 years between the 18th and 20th centuries and English language continued to change as the British Empire moved across the world - to the USA, Australia, New Zealand, India, Asia and Africa. They sent people to settle and live in their conquered places and as settlers interacted with natives, new words were added to the English vocabulary. For example, ' kangaroo ' and ' boomerang ' are native Australian Aborigine words, ' juggernaut ' and ' turban ' came from India. (See more borrowings from different languages.) English continues to change and develop, with hundreds of new words arriving every year. But even with all the borrowings from many other languages the heart of the English language remains the Anglo-Saxon of Old English. The grammar of English is also distinctly Germanic - three genders (he, she and it) and a simple set of verb tenses.

 

Додаток 2 London

 

 

London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and Europe’s largest city with an area of 620 square miles. Its history spans nearly 2,000 years, beginning with the arrival of the Romans soon after their invasion of Britain in AD43. London is located in southeast England, on both sides of the Thames River. It offers many exciting attractions, fascinating museums, great galleries, clubs, pubs and restaurants, cinemas, opera and ballet. London is a bustling, growing and diverse metropolis with a population of 7.5 million people. Today the Greater London administrative area comprises the City of London and 32 London boroughs including the City of Westminster. The City of London, also known as the "square mile", is the historical center of London. It is built on the site of a Roman outpost named Londinium. For a thousand years the City has been an important force in England history. Today this area is one of the world's leading financial centers. The permanent residential population of the City is now less than 6000, but about 350,000 commute here daily to work. The wealth and the power of the City comes from banking, insurance and selling of stocks. London has been built up gradually in the course of many centuries. It was ruled over by the Romans, the Anglo-Saxons, the Danes and the Normans. They each added something to English life. When London was rebuilt after the Great Fire of 1666 the City authorities rejected the plans of Christopher Wren (1632-1723) for a new city of squares and wide streets. They retained the medieval street plan and so prepared the way for London’s traffic jams, which were serious even in the days of horse buses. Wren did, however design 52 City churches and London’s Cathedral, St. Paul’s. The great globe of St. Paul's Cathedral glows golden in the fading sunlight as it has since the 17th century, still majestic amid the towers of glass and steel that hem it in. The Great Fire did not reach the east of the City where William the Conqueror (1027-1087) has built a castle to protect and control London. The castle with the Tower was just outside the walls of the city of the time. Standing beside the river Thames, it formed a valuable defensive point. The massive pile has been at one time or another a citadel, palace, prison, mint, treasury, armoury, observatory and even menagerie. For many years it was the safest stronghold in the country. Kings imprisonment their enemies there and the gray stones of the Tower could tell terrible stories. Nowadays the Tower is a museum and a treasury where the English crown jewels are kept. The river Thames has a length of 346 kilometres (215 miles) and it is the longest and most important waterway in England. This natural highway connects London with the North Sea. The river is easily navigable and so London has historically been a major port. Until 1749, there was only one bridge across the river: London Bridge. The old London Bridge looked very strange. There were houses and shops on the bridge. Now there are more than twenty bridges over the Thames in London. Less than a mile upstream from the City is Westminster, which has been the seat of government for nine hundred years. Here the medieval kings and their palace and to it they summoned, about 700 years ago, the first parliaments. Standing on the site of the old royal palace of Westminster, the House of Parliament is a very large and majestic building, a fine example of 19th century Gothic architecture in Britain. It stands on the left bank of the river Thames and it stretches for about 100 feet. The Clock Tower of the House of Parliament faces Westminster Bridge. It is nearly 100 meters high. The clock was named after Sir Benjamin Hall, a minister under whose direction it was made. People are allowed to go inside the Clock Tower, if they wish, to see the mechanism of Big Ben. The faces of the clock are very large. The minute hand is 14 feet long, the hour hand is 9 feet and the figures are two feet long. The Great Bell has four little Bens round it. Big Ben strikes only once an hour, but the other four tell the quarter and half-hours. At the side of Big Ben there is a huge hammer weighing over 200 kilograms. Across the road is Westminster Abbey. The resting place of the royals, Westminster Abbey is one of the most visited churches in the Christian world. Since 1066, when William the Conqueror was crowned there, the Abbey has been the traditional setting for the coronation of British kings and queens and for Royal weddings too. There are countless things to see in the Abbey: the exquisite fan vaulting of the Henry VII Chapel, the tombs and monuments of famous men and women, the life-size effigies of kings and queens. Here is Poet’s Corner where many of the greatest British writers are buried – Chaucer and Dickens, Tennyson and Hardy. Here are monuments to Shakespeare, Burns, Scott, Thackeray, and Longfellow. Here is the Coronation Chair, which contains the Stone of Scone on which Scottish kings were once crowned. Trafalgar Square was laid out in 1829 to 1841 to commemorate Nelson's victory at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Dominating the square, on a column that is 185 feet high, is the 17 foot high statue of Nelson himself. Around the base of the column are the four giant bronze lions by Landseer. Around the sides of the square are the church of St Martin's in the Fields and the National Gallery which houses one of the world's richest collections of paintings Buckingham Palace, the London residence of the Queen, stands in the heart of London between St. James’ Park and Green Park. The ceremony of the changing of the Guards takes place at 11.30 a.m., lasting 40 minutes inside the palace railings. A show of pageantry is the most famous of London's regular events. The University of London is not so famous or so ancient as Oxford and Cambridge Universities, but is, in fact, much larger than either of them. It is made up of a number of colleges, schools, and attached institutes, which range from the London School of Economics and Political Science to King's College and several medical schools. The University of London has an outstanding international reputation founded on the quality of its teaching and research. Not far from the University is the British Museum. Here is a place that is a veritable treasure house - a repository of some of the most priceless historical relics to be found upon the earth. It contains, for instance, the famous Papyrus Manuscript of Thotmes II of the first Egyptian dynasty--a thing known to scholars all over the world as the oldest extant specimen of what can be called writing. The traffic in London, as in all big cities, is very heavy. Many English people use double-decker buses but most people prefer the Underground or the Tube. London was the first city in the world to have an underground railway.

 

Додаток 3