B. If he had known the subject better, he wouldn't have failed in his exam. Had he known the subject better, he wouldn't have failed in his exam.
1. If it were necessary to increase the speed of this particular engine, it could be achieved by using a special device. 2. If the road had been better, we should have been here in due time. 3. If the engineer had been informed of the results before, he would have allowed you to repeat the test. 4. If we had used new methods, we should have saved much time. 5. The plan would not have been fulfilled in time if the people had not worked with such energy. 6. If the oil supply had stopped even for a moment, serious damage might have resulted. 7. If the mechanic were there, he would repair the equipment. 8. If the air within the cylinder were motion less, only a small proportion of the fuel would find enough oxygen. 9. If the book on that subject were available in our library, I should be able to make a good report. 10. If he had all the necessary materials, he would accomplish his model in time.
III. Translate the following sentences with the inversion.
1. Discussed in this chapter are some of the general characteristics inherent to semiconductors. 2. Included in this section is a description of a typical airborne liquid oxygen system. 3. Shown on the photo is the equipment available at many airports to start piston-engined aircraft. 4. Described in this book are all the rockets space-probing craft including the sputniks. 5. Associated with each electron is a wave, which is propagated in the direction of the motion of the electron.
IV. Translate the following sentences with the construction "have+noun+participle ".
1. Machines of many types have their operation controlled by a computer. 2. A colliding molecule may have an atom or two knocked out of it. 3. The theory of atomic structure developed by Bohr has the electrons distributed around the nucleus in shells (orbits). 4. The large air-cooled engines have the cylinders arranged radically. 5. An atom which has one or more of its electrons raised to a higher than normal energy level is said to be in an excited state. 6. Current transformers are step-up transformers having their primaries connected in series with one line and their secondaries connected to the ammeter terminals.
V. Translate the text in written form.
Nokia and the University of Cambridge demonstrated a bendable cell phone called the Morph. Some phones can make mobile payments via direct mobile billing schemes or through contactless payments if the phone and point of sale support Near Field Communication (NFC). Some of the largest mobile phone manufacturers and network providers along with many retail merchants support, or plan to support, contactless payments through NFC-equipped mobile phones.
VI. Read and write the following numbers.
102; in 1774; 1/5; 0.8; 0.55; 5.32; 2.79; 8/9; 1/2; 1/4; 18/21; 3000; 6,275; 8,356,472
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LEXICAL EXERCISES
VII. Arrange the following words according to
A opposite meaning: inside, low, strong, vast, outside, narrow, high, weak, many, enhance, few, reduce.
similar meaning: tremendous, predominance, use, various, a great number of, different, advantage, satellite, great, sputnik, application, of late, powerful, recently, a lot of, strong; to detect, to decrease, to reduce, to spread, to regist, to propagate, to investigate, to extend, to record, to study, to increase, to catch.
VIII. Form the words using the following suffixes and translate them.
Adjectives: A -ic: atom, electron, magnet, cosm(os), realist
-al: univers(e), cultur(e), spectr(um), electric
-ive: to attract, to great(e), decis(ion), to conduct, to act
-able: to vary, to change, to approach, to achiev(e), to suit, to compar(e)
-ible: to convert, compress, exhaust
-ful: success, doubt, use, wonder, peace, beauty
-less: help, doubt, change, home, meaning
-y: sun, hill, rain, wind
-ous: to continu(e), to vary, danger
Adverbs: -ly: extreme, initial, perfect, final, excelent, rough, instant, swift, equal, simultaneous, comparative, exact, large, hard, high, short
IX. Give Russian equivalents to the international words and "pseudo friends" of the translator.
Director, gymnasium, medal, pedagogical, master, commission, congress, professor, technological, bureau, contribution, container, nation, periodic, element, principle, inorganic, combination; alcohol, aqua, specific (gravity), physics, geophysics, patriot, energy, activity, progress, industry, thesis, general, generalization.
X. Translate the following word combinations into Russian.
long-distance power transmission, radio transmitters, alternating current generators, wire cable, heat losses, power line, transmission line, at the city end, a high-class receiver, high-quality reception, ultrahigh frequencies, high-frequency loudspeaker, high-fidelity acoustical system, high and low tones.
XI. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the words in the bold type.
Load
a) The lorries were loaded mechanically. b) The load weighs a hundred kilograms. c) They loaded us with work.
Oil
a) Every machine needs oiling. b) Water is heavier than oil. c) What sort of oil is there at this service station?
Fuel
a) What kind of fuel is used in these motor cars? b) We had to stop to fuel the car. c) This passenger car needs fuelling every 300 miles.
Design
a) He is working on the design for a new machine. b) The architect is designing a new school. c) The icebreaker is designed for operation in Arctic waters.
XII. Translate the following words combinations into Russian. 1. a reliable insulator; 2. to create reliable insulator; 3. artificial radioactivity; 4. artificial admixtures; 5. a fruitful discussion; 6. a fruitful cooperation; 7. to establish reliable contact; 8. to set the indicator to zero; 9. to set to required frequency; 10. to tune a radio-set to a low frequency; 11. to tune a receiver to the required frequency; 12. to contain a score of parts; 13. thin films; 14. the system control; 15. the computers control; 16. within this region; 17. within this voltage; 18. to achieve good results; 19. to achieve high reliability; 20. to find the difference in pressure; 21. to find unique properties.
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GRAMMAR REFERENCES
