. ,
. 5.23 |
. 5.24 |
, R 1. . 5.23. : U x = = R I 0anti lg U x. U x (. 5.24) ; . , . 5.23, () . - .
( , ). : , , . (. . 5.3). , ; (R ¥). . ( ).
, . -.
. . 6.1. . 6.2.
. 6.1 | . 6.2 |
, . , . , + , .
. 6.2 . , :
, , ;
, , ;
S , ;
- .
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. 6.3 | . 6.4 |
. . 6.3. . 6.4.
( , ; = (U x1 + U x2) / 2), .
, , . , U x1 U x2.
, , . . 6.4 , .
. , ( ) . |
. 6.5 | . 6.6 |
. 6.5. . 6.6. , , . : R 2 R 3 . = γ ( , γ = R 3/(R 2 + R 3) ).
, . + , +γ . +γ , . U x > +γ . γ , . U x U x , .
-
. 6.7 |
, ( ). , - -. - . 6.7. , , VD 1 VD 4 U 0 + U 0 (½ U 0½ = + U 0 <½ E ½). U 0 + U 0 () , , .
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. 6.8 |
- (. 6.8). , U x U 0 + U 0: , , , R oc ¥. , , , R oc = 0. - . 6.9.
.
1. U x > + U 0 - U x = ; VD 2 ( U x > U 0), VD 4 ( + U 0 > E). VD 1 ( + U 0 < U x), VD 3 ( E < U 0) .
2. U < U x < + U 0 VD 1 VD 2, | U 0| = = + U 0, U x = = (+ U 0 U 0)/2 = 0 ( U x U x = U x R, R 1 R 2 ). U x = 0 K U x = 0, VD 3 VD 4. ( ).
. 6.9 |
3. U x < U 0 U x = + VD 1 VD 3, VD 2 VD 4 (, 1).
, , ( + U 0 U 0 ), - , , , , : KU = Z oc/ Z .
Z x = R = const, 1 3 Z oc = ¥, KU = −¥. , U x = U x U x = + U x. 2 Z oc = 0, . . U = 0 U x = 0. , .
. 6.10 | . 6.11 |
. 6.10 -, . 6.11 -. U , - U x = 0 U x, U .
() , , . , 1 0 . , U . . . 7.1.
, .
(. 7.2 , ) (. 7.2 , ). , , , , ( ). .
:
. 7.1 | . 7.2 |
1. , - ; . = U . / U ., = U . / U . ( U . U ., , ). , U x, . , , , . = / b (. 7.1), , .
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2. , ( ). = U ./ U x, = U ./ U x. = 1. = / (. 7.1), , .
3. Δt. .
4. , , Δ U =U 1 U 2, U 1 , = 10 (b = 0,1 ); U 2 = 1,1 (b = 0,9 ).
, : . : = = 1 2; = 1 2 ( , , 1 2, , ).
. 7.3 .
, . R , C . , . , , .
( , ). . 7.4.
. 7.3 | . 7.4 |
VD 1 VD 2. VD 1, . VD 2 . VD 2, VD 1 . , , , .
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