, :
()
e(P,P) = 1 P ∈ E[n],
() (∃P, Q ∈ E[n]) ,
() e(X,Y) .
k ( k = 6), qk. , , k, . , , , k ∈ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
, #E = pr + 1 − t, p|t.
E: (mod p), p ≡ 2 (mod3), E p + 1 , t = 0 E , 2.
, , MOV-.
, , . , .
2002 . -. , , , , , , , (identity based open keys) (. Advances in Elliptic Curve [?]).
MOV
EC: y2 = (modpr), P, Q ∈ EC n, n , m , Q = mP. m. e(X,Y). m
:
1.
2. M T.
3. d =...(n,M). d = 1, .1. , . , .T n.
4. a = e(P,T) = e(Q,T).
5. , m.
, n, d n m mod d. Ti, mi = m mod di ,
di n. m .
. Q, , , , m, Q = mP. , :
|
|
6.1. . m , Q = mP , :
1. nQ = ∞,
2. e(P, Q) = 1.
19. : - , n- E[n] n: (1)
0, . 6.2 D:
(2)
(2), .
1.
2. Z f P 1 .
3. i i = t 1 i = 0:
P + Z:
4.
20. . : - , n- E[n] n:
(1)
P, . . R .
.
- n- 1 , :
. - .
.
- n- 1 :
, ( 1) P = Q.
21. -.
- . n = 3:
1. A, B, C
, = G, = G
= G, A B, B C, C A.
2. , A, B, C = , QB =
, = .
3. R = G,
, ,
: R = G = = =
1. -
, ,
n n! ,
n.
:
-
(Tripple DiffiHellman) .
EC:
P n.
A,B C ,
[2; n − 1] , , , .
3. ,
n| − 1
k = = = =
|
|
( 6 3).
22. .
EC: ,
P, Q ∈ EC n, n ,
m , Q = mP. m.
e(X, Y). m
:
1. T ∈ EC().
2. M T.
3. d =...(n,M). d = 1, .1.
, . , .T
n.
4. a = e(P, T) = e(Q, T).
5. ,
m.
, n,
d n
m mod d.
Ti, mi = m mod di ,
di n.
m .
. Q, ,
, ,
m, Q = mP. ,
:
.
.Q ∈ EC(Fqk) m ,
Q = mP , :
1. nQ = ∞,
2. e(P,Q) = 1.
23., .
1) .
2) .
3) , .
4) .
5) .
6) () .
7) Pharming .
8) .