.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





. ( ) [1,2]:

(1.2)

(1.3)

, . , .

(1.2) (1.3) , .

, [1,2]:

WFi Wi , (1.4)

kT , (1.5)

, (1.6)

Wi = , .

(1.2) (1.3):

. (1.7)

(1.7) , . , . , , , , , .

, = , (1.7) :

. (1.8) (1.8) , - . (. .1.4).

. 1.4. .

 

. = 300 : - ; - ; - .

. 1.2, . , , :

ND , (1.9)

NA . (1.10)

, = , :

, (1.11)

. (1.12)

, , . , ND (1.9) ( ) . , = 300 , ( ) (1.11) . (!) .

. 1.5 - . ,

 

. 1.5. .

 

( ), (). , .

1- ( ) , ND, . , , . 1- 2- . , 2- 3- . ( ) 2- ( ). 3- . , . 1.3, .

, , 2- .

, ,

+ ND ND,(1.13)

+ NA NA. (1.14)

 

, . . . . . . , . . . , , .

, . , . , , .

. . ( ) ( )

= E, (1.15)

= E. (1.16)

. ( ). .

( , ), ,

= = E,(1.17)

= ,(1.18)

- .

(1.17) (1.18)

= + = q + p )E = , (1.19)

q + p ). , (1.19) .

. ni = p i,

= q + ). (1.20)

, nn >> pn pp >> np, . , ND NA ,

q , (1.21)

q . (1.22)

, ( ). , . , , , .

, . , , . , . , ( . ( 2- . 1.5 ) .

. 1.6 ( ). ( ) , , , 3/2 kT. , , . . . , , . . .

. 1.6. .

 

[1,2]:

, (1.23)

, (1.24)

. (1.23) (1.24) . , ( ) . , , , .

= , (1.25)

= , (1.26)

(, ) . , = 300 . , .

j = + + . (1.27)





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