- The crops have failed again and............... is widespread.
- The latest San Francisco …………… measured 4.5 on the Richter scale.
- In case of............... break the glass and push the button.
- Half a million …………… have now crossed the border in an attempt to find food.
- I never give to ……………. I think it should be the government’s responsibility.
- The present government has given more in …………… to needy countries than any other in living memory.
- Many children have suffered terrible …………… as a result of the fighting.
- A new …………… has been discovered which causes partial blindness and skin problems.
- There has been a …………… in certain parts of the country due to the lack of rain.
- there has been so mush rain that some rivers have burst their banks and there have been………………….
WORD FORMATION
Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
- The __________________ of the ozone layer is one of the worst things that has happened. (destroy)
- If we don’t send food, there will be______________ on a massive scale .(starve)
- We need to find a _____________________ to the problem before things get seriously out of hand. (solve)
- It is shocking that ten per cent of the population live below the _________________ line. (poor)
- Some of the most beautiful Indian tigers are facing ________________. (extinct)
- If the ________________ (pollute) gets any worse, I’m going to move to the country.
- I believe the __________________ of the planet is worth fighting for. (survive)
Fill in the spaces in the following text using a suitable form of the words given in brackets.
It is no exaggeration to say that the world has become a global village. Modern methods of_________________ (communicate) have made the world much smaller and the problems we face such as _______________ (pollute) are not restricted to one country. The _____________ (destroy) of the rainforests in Brazil is everyone’s problem and the _________________ (starve) which is common in many Africancountries is challenge for Europe too. The _____________ (extinct) of rare species is a tragedy for the planet as a whole and the _____________ (exhaust) of oil supplies will shake the ___________ (found) of the world’s economy. The _______________ (protect) of the environment is the responsibility of all nations, rich and poor. However, uncontrolled economic ____________ (compete) between strong and weak nations leads to _____________ (create) of great inequality between the rich and poor nations of the world.
C2
You have 40 minutes to do this task.
Many cities in Europe do everything to promote bicycles as an ecologically clean type of transportation; however the governor of St. Petersburg signed a decree according to which bicycles won’t be allowed in 24 central streets and embankments of St. Petersburg.
Do you agree that bicycles should be banned in the centre of St. Petersburg?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan:
1. Introduction. (State the problem)
2. Express your opinion and give reasons for it.
3. Give other people’s arguments and explain why they are wrong.
4. Make a conclusion.
Read the text, learn the vocabulary and discuss.
ECOLOGY
The environmental crisis – number one international problem .
We are in the environmental crisis because human beings have broken out the circle of life and destroying the environment.
The first threat to the planet is the extinction of plants and animal life. Many animals find it more and more difficult to survive as their natural habitat is being destroyed by growing cities. The earth forested areas are in danger of disappearing completely as trees are burnt or cut down. Illegal hunting helps some rare species to become extinct. This process can be controlled if we protect animals in danger by law, open more parks and plant more forests; introduce harsher punishment for illegal hunters and raise public awareness about endangered species.
The second problem is water, air and land pollution. Factories and cars release poisonous chemicals into the air. The chemicals mix with the water in the clouds, and the polluted rain which falls later damages trees, lakes and buildings. Gases from aerosol sprays and fridges are going into atmosphere destroying theozone layer which prevents us from getting harmful radiation. As a result more and more people are getting skin cancer. Our society is producing too much packaging and food waste; that is why diseases spread more easily. People are using a lot of detergents for cleaning their houses and cars, this wasted water is poured into rivers, oceans and steams killing fish. A few steps can help to change the situation. We must throw away less rubbish and use litter bins; control the use of pesticides and fertilizers; use recycling.
Deforestation, using aerosols and burning fossil fuels cause the process of Global Warming (Greenhouse Effect). This environmental change leads to rising temperatures, melting ice-caps in the polar region and droughts and floods in hot countries.
These problems are very serious. Both scientists and politicians agree that unless some radical steps are taken in the nearest future, life on our planet may be destroyed.
Answer the questions:
1. What do you know about the ozone layer?
2. How does the rapid growth of cities influence nature?
3. How can we safe nature resources?
4. Why is our food not as healthy as it should be?
С3 STUDENT CARD
Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic “Ecology”.
Remember to say:
• What you know about the threat of extinction of plants and animals
• About different types of pollution
• About the environmental change on our planet
Answer the question: “What is the ecological situation in the place you live?
WORD FORMATION
