- , . - . () - :
[H3O+] + OH¯ → 2H2O H+ + OH− →H2O.
.
, > 30 %, K> 102 (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3 ..) .
= -lg[H+]. (7)
1. 0,01 HNO3.
:
HNO3 ↔ H+ +NO3¯.
[H+] = CHNO3. [HNO3] = 0,01 = 102/3; [H+] = 102; pH = lg [H+] = 2;
2. 0,02 H2SO4:
:
H2SO4 ↔ 2+ + SO42-.
[H+] = 2⋅H2SO4 = 2 ⋅ 0,02 = 0,04 /3;
pH = lg4 ⋅ 102 = 2 lg4 = 2 0,6 = 1,4.
(K< 102) [H+] .
(8)
[H+] (7) , :
= ½ ½ lgC, (9)
= -lg, .
(Ko< 102). :
(10)
[H+] (7) , :
= 14 ½ 0+½ lgC, (11)
0 = -lgK0, C .
HCl, H2SO4 , NaOH, KOH . , , .
: Na2B4O7⋅10H2O, Na2CO3 (/), H2C2O4⋅ 2H2O. .
, , , (), , , .
, . , .
, 1-2 .
.