, .
, , S , G . : , /, , /(×) (. .1), , /. :
= 298 ; = 1,013×105 ; .
. : :
= å(n ) å (m ),
n, m .
(), ().
, , , (D G < 0). D G > 0, , D G = 0 .
. , , CO2() + () = 2CO(). , , .
.
:
= å (n ) å (m )= 2 ( + )=
= 2×(110,5) (393,5 + 0) = 172,5 .
>0 .
:
= å (n ) å (m )= ( + ) =
=2197,5 (213,7 + 5,7) = 175,6 / = 175,6×10-3 /.
:
= = 172,5 298×175,6×10-3 = 120,2 .
> 0, = 298 .
, .
D S , : D G = D × D S = = 0 Þ = =
.
, 0 982 D G > 0, , ; 982 D G < 0, .. .
2.1
, , (, . .1). , , ( ).
|
|
2Mg() + CO2 () = 2MgO() + C () | |
3CH4() + CO2() + 2H2O() = 4CO() + 8H2() | |
4HCl () + O2 () = 2H2O () + 2Cl2 () | |
22 S () + SO2() = 3S () + 2H2O() | |
2u2() + u2S () = 6u () + SO2() | |
2H2O () + 2Cl2 () = 4HCl () + O2 () | |
3Fe2O3() + 2() = 2O() + 2Fe3O4() | |
CaO ( ) + CO2 () = CaCO3 () | |
(.) + O2() = 2() | |
2ZnS() + 32() = 2ZnO() + 2SO2() | |
3() = () + 2() | |
aO( ) + CO2 () = aCO3 () | |
2NO () + O2 () = 2NO2 () | |
N2O4 () = 2NO2 () | |
Al2O3 () + 3SO3 () = Al2(SO4) 3 () | |
CaO ( ) + 2O () = Ca()2 () | |
FeO()+ H2() = Fe() +2() | |
CuO() + C() = Cu() + CO() | |
CaO ( ) +F2O3() = Ca(FO2)2() | |
CaO ( ) + SO3 () = CaSO4 () |