1. She called my mother to say that they had just got a telegram from Boston announcing that Henry's brother had been married in Germany. 2. I knew she was itching to tell me what had happened. 3. He knew that his mother would think he was seriously ill and would probably speak to the teacher. 4. He wanted to return to the house to see how Billy was doing and tell him that he would be going out to California in 2 or 3 days. 5. Rudy decided that he would have to tell Bogart that it was impossible for him to appear before the board the next day, but that he would offer to do so any other day.
Ex. 8. Give your reasons as to why the rules of the Sequence of Tenses are not observed in the following sentences.
1. He says he is free tomorrow. 2. He spoke with the satisfaction of a competent workman who knows his job from A to Z. 3. He sought pleasure in the simple and natural things that life offers to everyone. 4. Monty told me that he had no permit for the gun, and that in England it is illegal to own a gun without a permit. 5. I knew I should go; but we sat there because it is difficult to go without any particular reason for leaving. 6. Billy folded his arms and leaned back. "I told you I do not like milk".
Ex.9.Make an action of the following object clauses simultaneous with those of the principal clauses.
1. I thought you (have)better sense. 2.She could not imagine what he (to do)there.3. Ive forgotten what he (to look) like.4. I didnt know whether the doctor (to mean) whether (to say) or whether he (to have) joke at my expense.5. What surprised me was that Pat (be) so much at home here.6.He asked me what work I (do) and whether I (intend) to go to a university. 7.I was surprised you (to know) my name.8. He told his father that now he (to make) ten dollars a week less.9. The last two weeks she had been saying to everyone who phoned her that she (to be) unwell and (not to live home).
Ex.10.Use the required tense-aspect forms in the following sentences, observing the rules of the
Sequence of Tenses.
1.When I went into the office next morning I already (to formulate) my plan.2.Well, I dont think I ever (to see) you before. 3. She ended by saying that she (to think) she (to make) a mistake. 4. She knew what (to go) on in their minds.5. So I went into the living room, where my aunt already (to wait) for me.6. She telephoned her husband to the office to say that her brother (to return) from abroad.7. An old friend rang up to ask how Elizabeth (to feel), and whether she (can) go with his wife to the concert on Sunday.
Ex. 11. Translate the following into English observing the rule of the Sequence of Tenses.
1. , .2. .3. .4. .5. -. 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10. .11. . 12. . 13. . 14. . 15. . 16. .
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Ex 1 Do grammar ex 308-310, pp 256-257 , , . --, λ, 2005
Ex 2 Prepare for discussion on the topic Modern cartography.
Unit 13
Theme: Ancient Mongolian Cartography
Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech.
Objectives: By the end of this unit, students should be able to use active vocabulary of this theme in different forms of speech exercises. Students should be better at discussing Ancient Mongolian Cartography. Students should know the rules of Direct and Indirect Speech.
Methodical instructions: This theme must be worked out during three lessons a week according to timetable.
Lexical material: Introduce and fix new vocabulary on theme Ancient Mongolian Cartography.
Grammar: Introduce and practice the rules of Direct and Indirect Speech.
In the Mongol Empire, the Mongol scholars with the Persian and Chinese cartographers or their foreign colleagues created maps, geographical compendium as well as travel accounts. Rashid-al-Din Hamadani described his geographical compendium, "Suvar al-aqalim", constituted volume four of the Collected chronicles of the Ilkhanate in Persia. His works says about the borders of the seven climes (old world), rivers, major cities, places, climate, and Mongol yams (relay stations). The Great Khan Khubilai's ambassador and minister, Bolad, had helped Rashid's works in relation to the Mongols and Greater Mongolia proper Thanks to Pax Mongolica, the easterners and the westerners in Mongol dominions were able to gain access to one another's geographical materials. The Mongols required the nations they conquered to send geographical maps to the Mongol headquarter. fffffffffOne of medieval Persian work written in northwest Iran can clarify the historical geography of Mongolia where Genghis Khan was born and united the Mongol and Turkic nomads as recorded in native sources, especially the Secret History of the Mongols. ffffffffMap of relay stations, called "yam", and strategic points existed in the Yuan Dynasty. The Mongol cartography was enriched by traditions of ancient China and Iran which were now under the Mongols. fffffffffBecause the Yuan court often requested the western Mongol khanates to send their maps, the Yuan Dynasty was able to publish a map describing the whole Mongol world in 1330. This is called "Hsi-pei pi ti-li tu". The map includes the Mongol dominions including 30 cities in Iran such as Ispahan and the Ilkhanid capital Soltaniyeh, and Russia (as "Orash") as well as their neighbors, e.g. Egypt and Syria.
Topical vocabulary
- geographical compendium
- dominions ,
- to gain access
- conquered
- headquarter.
- medieval
- clarify ,
- Mongol khanates
- The quantity of business
