Na2CO3 ( ) NaOH ( ). 120 1250 ( ) 300 3500 ( ). , 0,5 1,0 10 . 20 30 .
, , , . , , :
C6H5CI C6H5ONa C6H5OH
HCI ( ):
C6H6 + HCI + 0,5O2 → C6H5CI + H2O, C6H5CI + H2O → C6H5OH + HCI
C6H6 + 0,5O2 → C6H5OH
, . , , , -, - - 2,4-:
C6H5NO2 + CI2 -CIC6H4NO2 -HOC6H4NO2
. , :
C6CI6 C6CI5OH C6CI5ONa
, -, . , 1,2,4- :
1,2,4,5- 2, 4, 6 :
C6H2CI4 + NaOH → 2,4,5-CI3C6H2OH + NaCI
, .
:
2CH2=CHCH2CI + Na2CO3 → 2CH2=CHCH2OH + 2 NaCI + CO2
(, . . 96,20) , ( ); . ( ). - , CuCI2:
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CH2=CHCH2CI CH2=CHCH2CI∙∙∙Cu2CI2
CH2=CHCH2CI∙∙∙Cu2CI2 CH2=CHCH2OH
0,2% Cu2CI2 2,0 5,0 800. .
- , :
C6H5-CHCI2 C6H5-CHO
- , . . - - - :
C6H4(CH3)2 C6H4(CCI3)2 C6H4(COCI)2
. 80 1000, , (FeCI3), .
, . . Na2CO3 , , :
CH2CICHCH2O CH2CICHOHCH2OH
CH2CICHOHCH2OH CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2OH
.
(. . 2900). - , , ( ), . . :
, , , 1948 . ( , ), .