() , , , , . . DuPont () . .
, - ( ), (, ). , , . 40 ; .
, . , .
, , . 250C , COCl2, .
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:
(t 23,8C) R-11
(t −29,8C) R-12
(t −81,5C) R-13
(t −128C) R-14
(t −26,3C) R-134A
(t −40,8C) R-22
(t −51,4C) R-407C
/ (t −46,5C) R-507
1928 (General Motors Research) (1889-1944) , . (Kinetic Chemical Company), -12, R (R efrigerant , ). . : GENETRONAZ-20 R-410A, R-32 (50 %) R-125 (50 %). , FREON (), (DuPont). .
ISO 817-74 () R ( refrigerant) .
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(, , . .)
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:
2CF2HCl → CF2 = CF2 + 2HCl;
CF2ClCFCl2 + Zn → CF2 = CFCl + ZnCl2;
CF2ClCH3 → CF2 = CH2 + HC