. 2.1. AGP 8 |
, . AGP PCI-Express, , . ISA, VLB, PCI DIP DIP SOJ ; ( , ).
(, .). VGA SuperVGA 15- D-Sub , . DVI (Digital Visual Interface) . TV-Out ( RCA "") S-Video (4- 7- miniDIN) . VIVO (Video Input Video Output) , , .
CGA EGA ISA 9- D-Sub .
26- ( 13 ) VESA Feature Connector, , , TV-, 3D-, .
( ). , , .
(FPM DRAM, EDO DRAM, SDRAM, DDR SDRAM), (VRAM, WRAM, SGRAM, GDDR). IBM PC . , VGA 256 , SuperVGA ISA 256 512 . VLB 512 2048 . PCI 1 4 . AGP 4 256 ( 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 ). , 512 .
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nVidia Corp. ATI Technologies, Matrox Graphics, 3DLabs, XGI Technologies, SiS, VIA, STM Microelectronics. 3dfx, S3, Cirrus Logic, Trident Microsystems, Realtek Semiconductor, Tseng Labs, Avance Logic, Alliance Semiconductor, OAK Technologies, UMC, C&T .
2.6 . .
2.6
- | ||
3dfx | Voodoo Graphics, Voodoo2, Voodoo Rush | PCI |
Voodoo Banshee | PCI, AGP 1x | |
Voodoo3 (1000, 2000, 3000, 3500) | AGP 2x, PCI | |
Velocity 100, Velocity 200 | AGP 2x | |
Voodoo4 4500, Voodoo5 (5000, 5500, 6000) | AGP 2x, PCI | |
3D labs | Permedia, Permedia 2, Permedia 3, Glint | AGP 1x/2x/4x |
Alliance Semiconductor | ProMotion-6410, -6420, -6422, -AT24, -AT25, -AT3D | PCI |
ARK Logic | ARK1000PV, ARK2000PV (MT, MI) | VLB, PCI |
Acer Labs, Inc. | M3145, M3147V | PCI |
Avance Logic | ALG 2301, 2302, 2032, 2064, 2564, 25128 | VLB, PCI |
ATI | ATI-Mach8, -Mach32, -Mach64, Mach64CT | ISA, VLB |
ATI-264VT, 3D Rage, 3D Rage II (II+, Pro) | PCI | |
ATI 3D Rage Pro | PCI, AGP 2x | |
Rage 128 (Pro, VR, GL) | AGP 2x | |
Radeon VE, -LE, -SDR, -DDR | AGP 4x | |
Radeon 7000, -7200, -7500, -8500 (LE) | AGP 4x | |
Radeon 9000 (XT, Pro), -9100, -9200 (SE, Pro), -9250 | AGP 4x | |
Radeon 9500 (Pro), -9550 (SE, XT), -9700 (Pro) | AGP 8x | |
Radeon 9600 (SE, Pro, XT, TX), -9800 (SE, Pro, XT) | AGP 8x | |
Radeon X300 (SE), X600 (Pro, XT), X700 (Pro, XT) | PCI-E 16x, AGP 8x | |
Radeon X800 (SE, Pro, XL, XT, XT PE, GT, GTO) | ||
Radeon X850 (Pro, XT) | ||
C&T | 64300, 65545, 65550, 65555, 6900 | VLB |
Cirrus Logic | CL-GD5401, -5402, -5410, -5420, -5421, -5422 | ISA |
CL-GD5424, -5425, -5426, -5428, -5429 | ISA, VLB | |
CL-GD5430, -5434, -5436, -5440, -5446 | PCI | |
CL-GD5462, -5464, -5465, -5480 | PCI | |
Intel | Intel 740 | AGP 2x |
Macronix | MX86200, -86250, -86251 | PCI |
Matrox Graphics | MGA-1064SG, -1164SG, -2064W, -2164W, -1264G | PCI, AGP 2x |
MGA-G200, -G400, -G400MAX, -G450, -G550 | AGP 4x | |
Parhelia 512 (G1000), Parhelia LX | AGP 8x | |
nVidia | Riva 128, Riva 128ZX | PCI, AGP 1x |
Riva TNT | AGP 2x, PCI | |
Riva TNT2 (Pro, Ultra, M64), Vanta (LT) | AGP 4x, PCI | |
GeForce 256 | AGP 4x | |
GeForce 2 (MX, MX200, MX400, GTS, Ti, Pro, Ultra) | AGP 4x, PCI | |
GeForce 3 (Ti200, Ti500) | AGP 4x | |
GeForce 4 MX (420, 440, 440-SE, 460, 480, 4000) | AGP 4x/8x | |
GeForce 4 Ti (4200, 4400, 4600, 4800-SE, 4800) | AGP 4x/8x | |
GeForce FX5200 (SE, Ultra), 5500 | AGP 8x | |
GeForce FX5600 (XT, Ultra) | AGP 8x | |
GeForce FX5700 (LE, VE, Ultra) | AGP 8x | |
GeForce FX5800 (Ultra), 5900 (SE, XT, ZT, Ultra) | AGP 8x | |
GeForce FX5950 Ultra | AGP 8x | |
GeForce 6200 (TC), 6500, 6600 (LE, GT), | PCI-E 16x, AGP 8x | |
6800 (LE, GT, Ultra, Ultra Extreme) | ||
GeForce 7600 (GTX, Ultra), 7800 (GT, GTX, Ultra)) | PCI-E 16x | |
PCX4300, -5300, 5550, -5750, -5900, -5950 | PCI-E 16x | |
Quadro (2, 3, 4, FX) | AGP 4x/8x | |
Number Nine | Imagine 128, Ticket to Ride | PCI, AGP 1x |
OAK Technologies | OTI-057, -067, 077, -087 | ISA |
OTI-64105, -64107, -64111, 64017, -64217 | ISA, PCI | |
Realtek Semiconductor | RTG3105Gi | ISA |
Rendition | Verite V2100, V2200 | PCI, AGP 1x |
S3 | S3-911, -924, -801, -805, -928 | ISA, VLB |
Vision864, -964, -868, -968 | PCI | |
Trio32, Trio64 (V+, UV+, V2) | PCI | |
ViRGE (/VX, /DX, /GX, /GX2, /GX2+, /MX, /MXC) | PCI, AGP 2x | |
Trio3D, Trio3D/2X | AGP 1x/2x | |
Savage 3D, Savage 4 (LT, GT, PRO, PRO+) | AGP 4x | |
Savage 2000, 2000+, XP | AGP 4x | |
SIS | SIS-6205, -6215, -6225 | PCI |
SIS-6326 | PCI, AGP 2x | |
SIS-300, -305, -315 | AGP 4x | |
Xabre (80, 200, 400, 600) | AGP 8x | |
STM Microelectronics | Kyro, Kyro II | AGP 2x/4x |
Tseng Labs | ET4000 | ISA, VLB |
ET4000/W32, ET6000, ET6100, ET6300 | PCI | |
Trident Microsystems | TVGA8900, -9000 | ISA |
TVGA9200, -9400 | VLB | |
TGUI9440, -9470 | PCI | |
ProVidia9680, -9682, 9685 | PCI | |
3D Image975, -985 | PCI, AGP 2x | |
Blade 3D, CyberBlade (XP) | AGP 2x/4x | |
VIA (S3 Graphics) | Delta Chrome S4, -S8 (Nitro), -F1 | AGP 8x |
UMC | 86C408, 86C418 | ISA |
XGI Technologies | Volari V3, V5 (Ultra),V8 (Ultra) | AGP 8x |
Volari Duo V5 (Ultra), Duo V8 (Ultra) | AGP 8x |
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:
1) (, , );
2) ( );
3) ( );
4) , ;
5) , ;
6) , , ;
7) (SRAM, DRAM, VRAM .);
8) , ;
9) , ;
10) (ISA, EISA, VLB, PCI, PCI-E, AGP);
11) RAMDAC;
12) RAMDAC, ;
13) (VGA, DVI .);
14) ;
15) ;
16) (DirectX, OpenGL, Glide .) ;
17) ;
18) (DIP, PQF, BGA .).
(Canyon, ELSA, Gainward, Galaxy, GeCube, Hercules, HIS, Inno3D, Leadtek, Matrox, Palit, Prolink, PowerColor, Sparkle .), , (ABIT, AOpen, ASUSTeK, Albatron, Chaintech, Gigabyte, Manli, MicroStar, Sapphire .).
2.8.2.
, , , :
1) , , ;
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2) , ;
3) () ;
4) , , , ..;
5) - ( , .);
6) -.
, . ( , .). () . Ful lDuplex, (2, 4, 6 8 ).
(FM Frequency Modulation) (WT Wave Table). FM- , . WT- (samples) , .
: HSP (Host Signal Processing) DSP (Digital Sound Processor). HSP ( ) , , . HSP . , DSP, , , . , 2-, 4-, 6- 8- .
. (Line-In, Mic, CD-ROM, AUX) , CD-ROM . (Line-Out, Speakers) . , , 15- D-Sub (Game-port) c . ISA PCI.
DSP Creative Technology, Sound Blaster Live! Audigy. ISA: Sound Blaster ( 1.0 2.0), Sound Blaster Pro, Sound Blaster 16 ( Value Edition, Pro, Vibra), Sound Blaster 32, Sound Blaster AWE 32, Sound Blaster AWE 64 ( Value Gold). AWE (Advanced Wave Effects) .
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Creative : Pro Audio Spectrum, Sound Galaxy Aztech Labs, Sound Vision Malifax Computers, Gravis UltraSound Advanced Gravis Computer Technology, Turtle Beach ( Monte-Carlo, Tahiti, Fiji, Tropez, Monterey, Malibu, Pinnacle, Maui, Daytona, Montego, Santa Cruz), Edison ( Gold, Platinum, Sapphire, Diamond), Media Vision, MediaMagic, Pine. ESS Audio Drive ESS Technology ( ESS688, ESS1688, ESS1788, ESS1869, ESS1888, Solo-1, Maestro). Yamaha (YM3812, YM262, YM718, YM719) OPTi (82C929, 82C930, 82C931, 82C933). ISA, PCI.
ISA IDE/ATA CD-ROM.
, ; Audiotrak, M-Audio, Midiman, Philips, Terratec, Videologic .
HSP. HSP PCI Crystal Sound ( CX4235, CS4281, CS4327, CS4630), Yamaha (YMF724, YMF740, YMF744, YMF752, YMF754), C-Media (CMI-8738, CMI-9739), MediaForte (Theater X-treme, Ouad X-treme), Aureal (Vortex, Vortex2).
, :
1) ;
2) , (, 16 );
3) (, 3 6 );
4) (, 48 );
5) (FM, WT );
6) (, 32);
7) ;
8) Full Duplex;
9) ;
10) (, 80 );
11) (, -75 );
12) (MIDI, Windows Sound System, DirectSound .) (DirectSound3D, EAX, Aureal 3D, Sensaura);
13) ;
14) ;
15) .
, .
2.8.3.
. ( ), . 3Com, Intel, Realtek, D-Link, Compex, Davicom, SMCS.
ISA PCI, EISA VLB. PCI-Express. PCI-X.
Ethernet. :
1) AUI BNC 0,5 0,25 . 10 / ;
2) RJ-45 . 10 / ( Ethernet), 100 / (Fast Ethernet) 1000 / (Giga Ethernet).
Ethernet (10 /) BNC RJ-45.
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() ( Boot-ROM) , , "" .
, .
, Fast Ethernet Giga Ethernet .
2.8.4. (-).
. , (DSP Digital Signal Processor), ( , , , .). 3Com, ZyXEL, U.S. Robotics, D-Link, Acorp, Eline, Avaks.
4- RJ-11 . ISA PCI. .
2.8.5. -
Super I/O. PC/XT PC/AT 8088, 8086, 80286, 80386 80486 ISA VLB ( PCI). , . - - ( Goldstar, Holtek, Windbond, UMC .), COM-, LPT-, (FDD), IDE/ATA, (GAME). , , () (IRQ) (DMA).
, - .
2.8.6.
, . IDE/ATA, SCSI, FireWire, USB, Serial-ATA ., - , , - . (ISA, EISA, VLB, PCI, PCI-X, PCI-E).
2.9.
2.9.1.
3,5 . 5,25 , , 5,25 3,5 . 3,5 5,25 HD High Density, 1440 1200 . 3,5 DD (Double Density) ED (Extra Density) 720 2880 , 5,25 DD QD (Quad Density) 360 720 .
SA-400 34- . . 5,25 "" () , 3,5 -. , ( 10- 16-) : :.
5,25 4- Molex ( , "" CD/DVD), 3,5 4- .
ZIP ( 100 250 ) LS-120, . IDE/ATA.
2.9.2.
"" 3,5 5,25 , 2,5 1,8 ( ). . . "" :
1) . -. - . , : 5,25; 3,5; 2,5; 1,8 ( ). , Full-Height (FH), Half-Height (HH), Third-Height (Low-Profile, LP). " " 3,25 (82,5 ), " " 1,63 (41,25 ), "" 1 (25,4 );
2) , . "" Western Digital, Maxtor, Seagate, Samsung, Hitachi ( IBM), Fujitsu ( SCSI). CDC, Conner, Kalok, Kyocera, Micropolis, Miniscribe,NEC, Quantum, Priam, Rodime, TEAC, Toshiba ;