20. IEEE 1394 (FireWire). FireWire . , SCSI. (VIA, Texas Instruments, Agere .), " ". FireWire . .
21. RAID-. . , RAID- . RAID- . RAID- HighPoint, Silicon Image Promise. RAID- " " .
22. . . , (). , , Avance Logic ( ALC650, ALC850, ALC880), Analog Devices (AD1888, AD1980), C-Media (CMI8738, CMI9738, CMI9739, CMI9780, CMI9880), Creative Technology (CT5880), ESS Technology (Solo-1).
, - mini-Jack (Mic), (Line-In), (Line-Out). 7.1 . , 4- CD-Audio AUX-Audio, CD/DVD, (, TV-).
, , S/PDIF (Sony/Philips Digital Interface Format), .
23. . 5- DIN . 6- mini-DIN PS/2. PS/2 IBM- IBM PS/2. PS/2.
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24. "" PS/2. IBM PC IBM PS/2. Pentium . 6- mini-DIN, PS/2.
25. . , IBM- (COM-) (LPT-). COM- 9- ( 25-) ("") DB-9P (DB-25P). LPT- 25- ("") DB-25S.
26. (Game-port). 15- DB-15S . , (, MIDI-) . , . , USB.
27. . : 12- 6- , 12- 20- ( , ).
:
1) 20- ( 10 ). ;
2) , (., , . 1.2);
3) 20- 6 AUX PWR;
4) , Pentium 4, Athlon 20- 4- +12 (ATX 12V). 8- ATX 12V, 4- ;
5) , Pentium 4 LGA-775 Athlon 64 Socket-939 Socket-940, 24- ATX ( 12 ), ( 90-130 ). 20- , , 20- . 4- +12 , , ;
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6) 20- 24- 4- 4- Molex, ( +5 +12 ).
28. . "" ( ), . , - IBM- 2.2.
20. Super I/O. , . , : , "", , . , . Super I/O Winbond, ITE, SMSC.
28. . Pentium. DIP 40 , Intel 8042 ( AMI, Holtek .). 6- 7- , , ; ( , " "), Super I/O.
29. . (Hardware Monitoring) IBM- Pentium MMX, Pentium Pro Pentium II, 200 . . . : , , ; ; (, , , . ( , " ") Super I/O, . National Semiconductor (LM75 LM87), Winbond (W83781D, W83782D), Analog Devices (ADM1021 ADM1031), Genesys (GL518SM GL525SM).
, .
30. VRM (Voltage Regulator Module). , (1,4 2 ) (1,8/2,5/3,3 ) , . , . ( ).
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31. BIOS. , -. 8088, 8086, 80286, 80386, 80486 ( ) 64 . Pentium EEPROM Flash-ROM 1, 2 4 (128, 256 512 ), 28 32 . BIOS , . BIOS - ( AWARD, AMI Phoenix). , BIOS ( Dual BIOS Mirror BIOS).
32. CMOS-. . CR2030 ( "") 3 . - ( ""). Dallas ODIN, CMOS-.
33. . , "". (jumper) , , . : , , , . DIP-.
A Computers 1996 Jumperless, . , Soft Menu, Setup BIOS. , - ( ), .
(. 1.3).
1.3
VGA | |
(LPT) | |
PS/2 | |
PS/2 | |
(COM) | |
USB | |
(DVI) | |
IEEE 1394 (FireWire) | |
Game/MIDI | |
, | |
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, ( , , RAID, SCSI, FireWire, .) All-In-Ones (" "). , .
2.2. -
, (chipset) . . , .
(), . , , , " " (North Bridge), " " (South Bridge). : , . , . Intel : " " Memory Controller Hub (MCH), " " I/O Controller Hub (ICH).
. " ", , , , PCI, PCI-Express, AGP , , . , " " . " ", , . " " ISA, Parallel-ATA, Serial-ATA, USB, LPC (Low Pin Count, ISA "" ) COM LPT, , "". " " , FireWire, , . .
" " " " PCI . . , Intel 800- 900- Accelerated Hub, VIA V-Link 4 8, ATI A-Link, SIS MuTIOL, nVidia HyperTransport. PCI-Express.
, " ", , .
(80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II/III/4, Athlon) . () , -, , , .
, , , :
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Pentium III/Celeron Socket-370 Pentium 4/Celeron Socket-478 LGA-775 Athlon/Athlon-XP/Athlon 64/Duron/Sempron Socket-A, Socket-754, Socket-939 Socket-940;
(FSB Front Side Bus) 50 200 ( 50, 60, 66, 75, 100, 133, 166 200 );
SDRAM, DDR SDRAM DDR2 SDRAM 512 4096 , DIMM;
AGP 2.0 3.0 ( 4 8) PCI-Express 16x ( );
32- PCI 2.2 2.3;
PCI-Express 1.0 1 4;
Parallel ATA, c UltraDMA-100 UltraDMA-133 ( 100 133 /;
Serial ATA Serial ATA II, 150 300 /;
RAID ( 0, 1 0+1, 5 JBOD);
USB 1.1 ( 12 /) 2.0 (480 /);
AC-97 ;
ACPI (Advanced Configuration & Power Interface) 1.0.
IBM- Intel (Intel Corp., ), VIA (VIA Technologies Inc., ), SIS (Silicon Integrated System Corp., ), nVidia (). VIA Intel . AMD (Advanced Micro Devices, ), ATI (ATI Technologies Inc., ), ALi (Acer Laboratories Inc., ), ULi (ULi Electronics Inc., ), SerwerWorks (Broadcom Corp., ). ULi Electronics Inc. 2002 ., ALi. 90- , 80486 Pentium, UMC (United Microelectronics Systems, ), ETEQ, VLSI, Hint, PC Chips, OPTi . Intel- -:
Web- | Web- | ||
Intel | http://www.intel.com | SIS | http://www.sis.com.tw |
AMD | http://www.amd.com | ALi | http://www.ali.com.tw |
VIA | http://www.viatech.com | ULi | http://www.uli.com.tw |
nVidia | http://www.nvidia.com | OPTi | http://www.opti.com |
ATI | http://www.atitech.ca | ServerWorks | http://www.broadcom.com |
. 1.7 . , .
, - . , , Intel 430VX Triton, Intel 845 Brookdale, AMD-750 Irongate.
. 1.7.
. , "" , . , ( "" "" ), . "" "" .
1.4 8086 ( Intel Itanium, 8086, 8086). .
1.4
8086,
PCI
- | ||
Intel | Pentium | 430LX, 430NX, 430FX, 430VX, 430HX, 430TX |
Pentium Pro | 440FX, 450KX, 450GX | |
Pentium II (66 ) | 440LX, 440EX | |
Pentium II (100 ) | 440BX, 440ZX, 440MX | |
Pentium III | 810E, 810E2, 810-DC100, 820, 820E | |
815E, 815P, 815EP, 815G, 815EG | ||
Pentium 4 | 850, 850E | |
845, 845G, 845E, 845GE, 845PE, 845GL, 845GV | ||
865P, 865G, 865PE, 865GV, 875P, 848P, 855 (GM, PM) | ||
910GL, 915G, 915P, 915GL, 915PL, 915GV, 925X (E) | ||
945G, 945GZ, 945P, 945PL, 955X, 975X | ||
Xeon | 440GX, 840, 860, E7205, E7210, E7221, E7320, E7500, E7501, E7505, E7520, E7525 | |
Itanium | 460GX | |
Itanium 2 | E8870 | |
AMD | Pentium, AMD K5/K6 | AMD-640 |
Athlon | AMD-750, AMD-760 | |
Athlon-MP | AMD-760MP, AMD-760MPX | |
Athlon 64 | AMD-8000 | |
VIA | Pentium, AMD K5/K6 | Apollo VP1, VP2, VP3, VPX, MVP3, MVP4 |
Pentium II, Pentium III | Apollo Pro, Apollo Pro Plus, Apollo Pro 133 (A, T) | |
Apollo Pro PM133 (), PL133 (T), PLE133 (T) | ||
Apollo Pro 266 (T), PM266 (T), PN 266, CLE266 | ||
Pentium 4 | P4X266 (A, E), P4M266 (A), P4X333, P4M333, P4X400 | |
P4X533, P4M800 (Pro), PT800, PM800, PN800 | ||
PT880 (Pro, Ultra), PM880, PT880 Pro, PT894 Pro | ||
Athlon (Slot-A) | Apollo KX133 | |
Athlon (Socket-A) | Apollo KT133 (A), KM133 (A), KL133 (A), KLE133 | |
Apollo KT266 (A), KM266, KN266 | ||
KT333, KT400 (A), KM400 (A), KN400, KT600, KT880 | ||
Athlon 64 | K8T800 (Pro), K8M800, K8N800 (A) | |
K8T890, K8M890 | ||
SIS | SiS 496/497 | |
Pentium, AMD K5/K6 | SiS 5571, 5581, 5591, 530, 540 | |
Pentium II, Pentium III | SiS 600, 620, 630 (E, S, T), 633 (T), 635 (T) | |
Pentium 4 | SiS 645 (D), 648FX, 650 (GX), 651, 661 (GX, FX) | |
SiS 655 (FX, TX), 656 (FX), 649 (FX), R658, R659 | ||
Athlon (Socket-A) | SiS 730 (S), 733,735,740, 741 (GX), 745, 746 (FX), 748 | |
Athlon 64 | SiS 755 (FX), 756, 760 (GX), 761GX, 770 | |
nVidia | Pentium 4 | nForce4 SLI Intel Edition |
Athlon (Socket-A) | nForce (220D, 415D, 420D) | |
nForce2 (IGP, SPP, Ultra, Ultra 400, 400, 400Gb) | ||
Athlon 64 | nForce3 (150, 250, 250Gb, Ultra) | |
nForce4 (Standard, Ultra, SLI) | ||
Optegon | nForce Pro | |
ALi | M1487/M1489 | |
Pentium, AMD K5/K6 | Aladdin IV, Aladdin 5 (T), Aladdin 7 | |
Pentium II, Pentium III | Aladdin Pro II, Aladdin TNT2 | |
Aladdin Pro 4, Aladdin Pro 5, Aladdin-T | ||
Pentium 4 | Aladdin-P4 (A) | |
Athlon (Socket-A) | ALiMAGIK 1, ALiMAGIK 2 | |
Athlon 64 | M1687/M1563 | |
ULi | Pentium, AMD K5/K6 | M1541 |
Pentium II, Pentium III | M1644T | |
Pentium 4 | M1672/B, M1683, M1685 | |
Athlon (Socket-A) | M1647 | |
Athlon 64 | M1689, M1695 | |
ATI | Pentium 4 | Radeon IGP 330, IGP 340, IGP 345, Radeon 9000 IGP |
Radeon 9100 IGP, Radeon 9100 Pro IGP | ||
Radeon Xpress 200 for Intel Processors (RS400, RD400) | ||
Athlon (Socket-A) | Radeon IGP 320 | |
Athlon 64 | Radeon Xpress 200 (RS480, RD480, RX480) | |
OPTi | Pentium, AMD, Cyrix | Viper SX, Viper-M, Viper Xpress+, Vendetta |
Pentium Pro | Discovery | |
UMC | UM8881/8886 |