(. 14), ( ), , r R.
U = f(I) . (. . 14) , II :
= IR + Ir = U + Ir => U = Ir, (3.1)
IR = U, Ir = ΔU ().
14
I = . (3.2)
(. 15), . , (1) (2).
1 I0 = 0; U = E. , R = ∞, . 2 = UI = 0.
2 R = 0 ( ):
U = IR = 0; I = = I; 2 = 0. (3.3)
:
r<<R I>>I, (3.4)
R ();
I ();
I .
U I 1 = I; 2 = UI.
15 : (V = 0) r1, r2, r3
. α , , . α , . , r. r, , .
r, α . r (α) . , I>>I. I .
r = 0, ΔU = 0, U = , . , " ". .
( ).
1 . , I = 0; U = , 1 = I = 0; 2 = UI = 0.
2 . R = 0; U = IR = 0; , 1 = Imax = 1max, 2 = I2R = UI = 0. 0 < R < ∞.
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3 . R, , , : U = E IR0, , 1 = I, 2 = UI. , . .
4 . , . 2 = 0, 2 = f(I) 2 = f(R) , 2 = f(I) . :
; . (3.5)
, 2 > 2max R =R0, .. R R0 ( ).
η= , (3.6)
R R0 0,5, 50%. , - I = = 0,5I; 2 = I2R= Δ = I2R0. , , . : , , .
16 :
P1=EI (3.7)
P2 = UI = I2R (3.8)
η = (3.9)
U = E- Ir (3.10)
16
16 :
I , ΔU=EU. C, R >> r.
II , . R = r.
III , . R<<<r, .
(3.11)
, , .