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(. 14), ( ), , r R.

U = f(I) . (. . 14) , II :

 

= IR + Ir = U + Ir => U = Ir, (3.1)

 

IR = U, Ir = ΔU ().

 

 
 

 


 

14

 

 

I = . (3.2)

 

(. 15), . , (1) (2).

1 I0 = 0; U = E. , R = ∞, . 2 = UI = 0.

2 R = 0 ( ):

 

U = IR = 0; I = = I; 2 = 0. (3.3)

 

:

 

r<<R I>>I, (3.4)

 

R ();

I ();

I .

U I 1 = I; 2 = UI.

 


 

15 : (V = 0) r1, r2, r3

 

. α , , . α , . , r. r, , .

r, α . r (α) . , I>>I. I .

r = 0, ΔU = 0, U = , . , " ". .

( ).

1 . , I = 0; U = , 1 = I = 0; 2 = UI = 0.

2 . R = 0; U = IR = 0; , 1 = Imax = 1max, 2 = I2R = UI = 0. 0 < R < ∞.

3 . R, , , : U = E IR0, , 1 = I, 2 = UI. , . .

4 . , . 2 = 0, 2 = f(I) 2 = f(R) , 2 = f(I) . :

 

; . (3.5)

 

, 2 > 2max R =R0, .. R R0 ( ).

 

η= , (3.6)

 

R R0 0,5, 50%. , - I = = 0,5I; 2 = I2R= Δ = I2R0. , , . : , , .

16 :

 

P1=EI (3.7)

 

P2 = UI = I2R (3.8)

 

η = (3.9)

 

U = E- Ir (3.10)

 
 

 

 


 

16

 

16 :

I , ΔU=EU. C, R >> r.

II , . R = r.

III , . R<<<r, .

 

(3.11)

 

, , .

 





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