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1.




dy = y ¢ dx,

y = c 1 x ¾ .

2. ,

= 1 + 2 2 (1)

" 3 ' + 2 = 0. (2)

. (1), :

y' = 1 + 2 2 2 ,

" = 1 + 4 2 2 .

1 2 2 , :

1 = 2y' ",

(1), (2).

3. ,

3 3 + 3 = 0 (3)

3 ( 2 + 2) ' + 2 = 0. (4)

. (3) , = (),

2 ' 2 + + ' = 0,

2 = ( 2 + ) ' + .

2 (3), :

3 ( 2 y' + y' + y) x + 3 = 0,

(4).

4.

y = C (x C)2. (5)

. (5) ,

y' =2 C (x C), (6)

2= 5'. (7)

(7) (5) , :

=0,5 ' 0,5 '.

,

' = ' 2 . (8)

(6) (')2,

(')3=2 ' (') 2(')2.

' (8), :

(')3=4 y' 8y 2.

5.

(0) = 1.

. <>, , :

,

, 1 = 1 + , = 0. , :

, (0, 1). ►

6. :

yx2dy ln xdx = 0. (10)

.

. (11)

, (11) :

. ,

= ln x,:

(10) :

7.

. 0 ,

. z = / , z = z (). ' = zx y'=z'x + z, (12.13) :

.. . ,

, :

8:

1) (1 + x2)y" 2' = 0.

y' = p, p = p (x), y'' = p' Þ (1+ 2) p' 2 =0 Þ

y' = c 1(1 + x 2) Þ dy = c 1(1 + x 2) dx Þ

y = c 1(x + x 3/3) + c 2. ►

2) 1 + y'2 = 2y''.

y' = p, p = p(y), " = ', 1 + 2 =2'

9:

y" = y' ctg x.

. z = 1. " = (') ' = z'

z' = z ctg x. (12.28)

z ≠ 0. (12.28) :

,

ln|z| = ln|sin x| + lnC1,

1 > 0,

z = 1sin x.

z = 0 (12.28), :

z = 1sin x, (12.29)

1 .

(12.29) :

dy = 1sin xdx.

,

= 1cos x + C2. ►

10:

yy" = y2y' + (y')2,

. z = y', , : dy

yzz' = y 2 z + z 2, (12.30)

.. z = z(y). , z = 0 (12.30), = , .

z ≠0. (12.30) ,

yz' = y2 + z (12.31)

. z = uv, v = v (y)

yv' v = 0, (12.32)

= ()

u'v = y. (12.33)

(12.32), , v = . (1233) ' =1, = + 1, .. (12.31) :

z = y 2+ C ] y.

z = y',

1 = 0. y ≠0

, , = 1 + 2,

=( 2 ) 1. (12.34)

C1 ≠ 0,

:

= (12.34), (1235)

11.

xy ¢ - y - x - 1 = 0.

y = x ln x + Cx - 1 ¾ .

12.

.

= × v,

v = v (x)

u = u (x)

vu' = x 2. (12.19)

(12.18) :

, :

ln|v| = ln|x + 1| + C.

(12.18), =0,

v (12.19),

du = (x 3 + x 2) dx.

, :

13.

( 3 ) ' = 1.

. x = () (.. , , ).

:

' + = 3. (12.20)

:

' + = 0. (12.21)

0.

 

, = 0 (12.21),, :

12.22

, 2= 2(), , (12.22) (12.20). (12.22) ,

12.23

(12.22), (12.23) (12.20),

, :

2= 2() (12.22), (12.20):

14.

. n = 2. , = 0 . ≠ 0. z = 1 n = 1. = z 1, ' = z 2 z' :

z ≠ 0.

ln|z| = ln|x| = lnC2, (12.26)

2 . (12.26) :

| z | = 2| | z = 2 .

, z = 0 (12.25), , :

z = 1 ,(12.27)

1 .

, 1 = 1() 1 , (12.27) (12.24). (12.27) ,

, (12.27), , (12.24) :

dC 1 = dx,

1 = + .

(12.27), (12.24):

z = (x + C) x.

:

( 2+ ) = 1,

y = 0.

15. :

) y'' 3 y' + 2 y = 0;

λ2 3λ + 2 = 0,

λ1 = 1, λ2 = 2.

y = C 1 ex + C 2 e 2 x .

) y'' 2 y' + y = 0

λ2 2λ + 1 = 0

λ1 = λ2 = 1

. 2

y = (C 1 + C 2 x) ex.

) y'' 2 y' + 2 y = 0.

λ2 2λ + 2 = 0

. . 3

y = C1exsin x + C2excos x (a = β = 1).

16.

¾ .

¾ .

¾ .

:

sin x cos x.

¾ .

¾ .

17.

" + ' = 5 + 3.

.

) y *

" + ' = 0,

k 2 + k = 0, .. k 1= 0, k 2 = 1 Þ * = 1 + c 2 e x:

)

" + ' = 5 + 3

k 1= 0. :

2A + B = 3 Þ A = 5/2, B = 2.

,

y = c 1 + 2 x + 5 2/2 2

1. , .. : .- 8- ., .- .: , 2007.- 479., . 22.1

2. , .. . : . .- .: , 2012.- 208. 22.1

3. , .. . : . .- .: , 2012.- 416. 22.1

4. .. . . , . 2013. ISBN: 978-5-9061-7227-3

5. .. . . , . 2013. ISBN: 978-5-9061-7228-0

6. .. . . , . 2013. ISBN: 978-5-9061-7230-3

7. .. . . . 2012.

8. .. . . . 2012.

1. : / .. - .: , 2006, 2008, 2009.

2. : . ./ . .. -.:-,2004.

3. ( ): / . .. .: -, 2003.

4. . . . ., , 2004

: .

: , , .

 





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