. . . 179 000 + 0.
: 0.999*10 99 0.998 * 10 99 , 0.999 * 10 0 0.998 * 10 0;
, :
,
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8. .
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.
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9. IEEE 754.
80- - .
70- , 1985 .
:
: 32 - 64 -.
, (), ( ).
32- 1+8+23 ( 127).
64- 1+11+52 ( 1023)
:
32 - 10 38
64 - 10 308
32 (single precision).
64 (double precision).
16 128 ( ).
, 4 :
- , , , .
10. BCD. ASCII
- (. binary-coded decimal), BCD, 8421-BCD , .
, 31110 1 0011 01112, - 0011 0001 0001BCD.
. 10. 6 - . - :
- . '*' '#' . -
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10 . , .
( , ) .
10, .
- , .
.
. 8421-BCD 10 4- 16, : 1010(1010), 1011(1110), 1100(1210), 1101(1310), 1110(1410) 1111(1510).
. ASCII
, , 8- 16- (Windows 95, 98, NT) .
8- 256 , , . . : , .
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange - ). 1963 . . , ASCII 128 .
ASCII . 0 127, 128 255.
32 , , . , .
32 127 , , .
, Windows-1251, "" - Microsoft, , , .
.
, , , (256). , , , , . , 16- , - UNICODE. 65 536 - .
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11. .
.
x ,
x = True (x = ) x = False (x = )
, , . . 1 . 0.
(0 1).
.
: x = 0, x1 = 0, x2 = 1, y = 0, Alpha = 1
.
, , 1 0. .
12. .
:
:
a ∨ a = a
a ∧ a = a
a ∨ b = b ∨ a
a ∧ b = b ∧ a
(a ∧ b) ∧ c = a ∧ (b ∧ c)
(a ∨ b) ∨ c = a ∨ (b ∨ c)
a ∧ (b ∨ c) = (a ∧ b) ∨ (a ∧ c)
a ∨ (b ∧ c) = (a ∨ b) ∧ (a ∨ c)
(a) = a
(a ∧ b) = a ∨ b
(a ∨ b) = a ∧ b
a ∨ (a ∧ b) = a
a ∧ (a ∨ b) = a
. , , , :
y = f(x), y = f(x1, x2, x3) ..