7.36. - :
Zn + 2K[Au(CN)2] = 2Au + K2[Zn(CN)4].
, , 120 .
7.37. -
2ZnS + 3O2 = 2ZnO + 2SO2↑
:
ZnO + C = Zn + CO↑.
, , 45 .
7.38. Cr3C2 , Cr2O3 . , 10 .
7.39. HgS 600700 .
, 150 , 12 %.
7.40. SiO2.
, 50 .
7.41. . , 30 ? ( ..).
7.42.
5Ru + 4KOH + 6KNO3 = 5K2RuO4 + 3N2 + 2H2O.
, 1,18 /3 ω = 20,5 % 180 ?
7.43. , .
(ω, % .), 40 2.
7.44.
, , 1 .
7.45. , 1200
SnSiO3 + CaO + C = Sn + CaSiO3 + CO.
, 2 ?
8.1. (53I) . . .
53I.
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p5.
|
|
: 1; 0; +1;
: 1; 0; +1; +2; +3; +4; +5; +6; +7.
- . . = 113,6 . . = = 184,3 . 0,02 100 . (, .) .
, . 10 . .
; ; .
, 1 /3.
, I2 + 2 = 2 I , 0,54 .
8.2. (Mg Cl2). ? ? .
, ,
3Mg + N2 = Mg3N2.
Mg3N2 , , , .
. ,
N2 + 3Cl2 = 2Cl3N, Δ = 229 /.
,
3H2O + Cl3N = NH3 + 3HClO.
. , .
NO (II)
½ N2 () + ½ O2 () = NO ().
NO ,
2 + h υ → O + O
+
N2 → NO + N
+ O2 → NO + O ..
NF3 , . NF3 , 100 ,
NF3 + 3H2O () = N2O3 + 6HF.
8.3. . , .
, . (IV) MnO2 KMnO4. +4 +7.
4HCl (.) + MnO2 → MnCl2 + Cl2↑ + 2H2O.
-
: :
Na+ + → Na0 2Cl 2 → Cl2↑
8.4. - - . - - .
|
|
I2 + Cl2 + H2O = HCl + HIO3.
1. ,
2. , ( ), , ( ). .
3. ,
10 + 6H2O → 2(IO3) + 12H+ 1
+ 2 → 2Cl 5
4. 2, +.
5. ,
I2 + 6H2O + 5Cl2 → 2(IO3) + 12H+ + 10Cl.
6. ,
I2 + 5Cl2 + 6H2O → 10HCl + 2HIO3.
8.5. , .
Se | SeO2 | H2SeO3 | ||
Se | SeO3 | H2SeO4 |
8.1. . . .
8.1
1 | Kr | ||
Si | 2 | Xe | |
N | 3 | Rn | |
P | 4 | At | |
As | 5 | Se | |
O | 6 | B | |
S | 7 | Si | |
Se | 8 | P | |
F | 9 | Cl | |
Cl | 10 | N | |
Br | 11 | Br | |
Ar | 12 | S | |
At | 13 | Ar | |
Ne | 14 | I | |
I | 15 | O |
8.2. . ? ? .
8.2
Cl2 | Na | 1 | P | Ca | |
Cl2 | Cu | 2 | P | Na | |
Cl2 | Fe | 3 | P | Al | |
Cl2 | H2 | 4 | C | O2 (.) | |
S | F2 | 5 | C | O2 () | |
S | O2 | 6 | C | F2 | |
S | H2 | 7 | C | S | |
S | Na | 8 | C | H2 | |
S | Mg | 9 | C | Ca | |
S | Al | 10 | C | Al | |
P | F2 | 11 | C | Si | |
P | Cl2 | 12 | C | O2 | |
P | O2 | 13 | Si | O2 | |
P | S | 14 | Si | Cl2 | |
P | Mg | 15 | Si | Mg |
8.3. . , .
8.3
O2 | Te | ||
S | At2 | ||
F2 | B | ||
Br2 | P | ||
I2 | As | ||
Se | Ar | ||
C | Ne | ||
N2 |
8.4. - -. - - .
8.4
Br2 + Cl2 + H2O = HBrO3 + HCl | |
At2 + HClO + H2O = HAtO3 + HCl | |
Cl2 + KIO3 + KOH = K2IO6 + KCl + 3H2O | |
F2 + NaBrO3 + NaOH = NaBrO4 + NaF + H2O | |
I2 + H2O2 = HIO3 + H2O | |
Br2 + H2S + H2O = H2SO4 + HBr | |
S + NaOH = Na2S + Na2SO3 + H2O | |
Cl2 + H2O + Na2S2O3 = Na2SO4 + S + HCl | |
Se + KOH = K2SeO3 + K2Se + H2O | |
I2 + KOH + NH2OH = N2 + KI + H2O | |
As + HNO3 + H2O = H3AsO4 + NO | |
Si + HNO3 + HF = H2SiF6 + NO + H2O | |
Si + H2O + KOH = K2SiO3 + 2H2 | |
I2 + HNO3 = HIO3 + NO + H2O | |
Cl2 + NaOH = NaCl + NaClO + H2O | |
1 | Cl2 + KOH KCl + KClO3 + H2O |
2 | I2 + NO + H2SO4 + H2O = NaNO2 + NaI + H2SO4 |
3 | I2 + NaHSO4 + H2O + MnSO4 = NaI + H2SO4 + MnO2 |
4 | S + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O = KMnO4 + H2S + H2SO4 |
5 | S + K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O = K2Cr2O7 + H2S +H2SO4 |
6 | I2 + K2SO4 + NO2 + H2O = KI + HNO3 + H2SO4 |
7 | Br2 + MnSO4 + Na2SO4 + K2SO4 + H2O = KMnO4 + NaBr + H2SO4 |
8 | Cl2 + MnCl2 + KCl + H2O = KMnO4 + HCl |
9 | Br2 + KOH + CrCl3 = K2CrO4 + KBr + H2O + KCl |
10 | I2 + Na2SO4 + K2SO4 + H2O = Na2SO3 + KIO3 + H2SO4 |
11 | I2 + NO + K2SO4 + H2O = KI + KNO2 + H2SO4 |
12 | Cl2 + MnSO4 + NaHSO4 + H2O = MnO2 + NaCl + H2SO4 |
13 | I2 + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2O = K2Cr2O7 + KI + H2SO4 |
14 | P + H2SO4 = H3PO4 + SO2 + H2O |
15 | I2 + HNO3 = HIO3 + NO + H2O |
|
|
8.5. , .
8.5
N | C | Cl | |||
P | Cl | Si | |||
As | I | S | |||
B | P | N | |||
Br | S | P |
8.6. : KClO, KClO2, KClO3, KClO4. .
8.7. , : HClO HClO3 HClO4. ?
8.8. ( ..) 2,45 . .
8.9. 5 11,2 . .
8.10. . .
8.11. → . , , , , .
8.12. , , , . (, , ) ?
8.13. , , . (, , ) ?
8.14. , , . (, , )?
8.15. : Na2SO3, NaHSO3. . 0,001 Na2SO3.
8.16. -- ? . .
8.17. , - : , , . .
8.18. , 16,0 (..). .
8.19. , - .
8.20. . .
8.21. .
8.22. .
|
|
8.23. 4, 26, 24, 22. ?
8.24.
+ = 2 + .
, 4,5 2. (..)?
8.25. , SeO2, SO3, P2O5.
8.26. , .
8.27. , .
8.28. , .
8.29. , .
8.30. , .
8.31. :
Si, P, Cl, H.
8.32. (..) - (II), (II) 19,6 ? .
8.33. 1 2 (..). ? ?
8.34. , 2 3 (IV). .
8.35. , - 20 .
8.36. 5 % . , 0,8 /, 250 ?
8.37. , , 71 (V).
8.38. , , 4,4 (IV).
8.39. , , 4 .
8.40. , , 4,5 (II).
8.41. 1 , 10 % 90 % .
8.42. , 1 22.
8.43. , - 1 KClO3.
8.44. , 2,24 (..) . .
8.45. 1 , 48 % ?
8.46. , 44,8 (..) 20 .
8.47. - 6,4 ?
8.48. , 5,6 SO2 (..). .
8.49. 11,2 (..) , 41 ?
8.50. 6,3 .
8.51. , 70 % 3(4)2, , 500 ?
8.52. 20 2,24 (IV) .. ( %) ?
8.53. SO2 2,010-6 ?
8.54. CCl4 , 5,010-3 3 ?
8.55. 0,35 0,2 ?
8.56. 1 , 12 %?
8.57. , (V) 3,55 .