Shrinandan Vyas
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21 - ( , & , "National Geographic" ).
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( 1000 )
, Gandhaar & Vaahic Pradesh ( ) , . , Gandhaar , Bharat Ayodhya (6). Takshashila ( 'Taksha Khand') . Mahabharat Gaandhaari Gandhaar , Shakuni .
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Kanishaka , KushaaN , Gandhaar. Buddhas, ( ) Kushan. ( ) 175 (10,11). Kushan, 450 . - (Xuan-zang) 7 th (3) Hadda, , Qonduz, (3,10,11), Shotorak . 5 th 9 th cenury Sasanians Hepthalites Gandhaar. Gandhaar . (Shahiya) . , Bhimapal 1026 . - -, (12). , , , (3).
642 , . , , ( ), (3). 1000 .