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1.

m a 1, a 2,..., a m n b 1, b 2,..., bn mn (a i, b j), .

, , m n , (a i, b j) i - j -ro .

. . , 13 ( ). 4 13 . 52.

2.

r : n 1 a 1, a 2,..., a n1; n 2 b 1, b 2,..., b n2; n r r - x 1, x 2,..., x nr. n 1 n 2 n r (a j1, a j2,..., a jr), .

. . , . 10 , 2210=40 .

. (, , , ). r 1, r 2, r 3 . r 1 r 2 r 3 .

. 2 n 1= n 2=...= n r= n, , U(n,r) = n r.

. r- 2 r. r "" - ( ) .

. "" 28=256 .

2 n1 = n, n2 = n - 1, n3 = n - 2,..., nr = n r +1. , n(n - l)(n - 2) (n r +1). , :

, r n, n = r. () . , n a1,a2,...,an (n)n = n(n-1)... 21 .

, . n (n)n. (n)n (n)n = n(n-1)... 21 = n!

n! n -. 0! = 1.

.

1! = 1,

2! = 21 = 2,

3! = 321 = 6,

4! = 4321 = 24.

. . r r . , , . , , N=365. r . , r N , , , Nr. r , r . , r N (N)r. r = 23 (N)r = (365)23 = 365 364 363 343 = 36523.

. , , , , . , r = 4 (2,3,5,1), (2,3,5,4), (2,3,1,5), (2,3,5,1).

, , , . (2,3,1,5) (2,3,5,1) (1,2,3,5). .

r n , . , r ( ) r! . , , r! , r n (n)r, :

r n . . :

. r n n r.

. 5- {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} 2.

12 13 14 15

23 24 25

34 35

45.

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r n - n r :

, n r . n r .

r n ( ) (nr) . , :

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. . 4- 13 52 . 5 . , :

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r n . , , n =2, r =3, n r = 23 = 8 :

111, 112, 121, 211, 222, 221, 212, 122.

:

{111}, {222}, {112, 121, 211}, {122, 212, 221}.

, , - , r 1 = 3, r 2 = 0 ( , ), r 1 = 0, r 2 = 3 ( , ), r 1 = 2, r 2 = 1 ( , ), r 1 = l, r 2 = 2 ( , ), r 1 + r 2 = r ( ).

n r n r r n () :

(r1, r2,..., rn), r1 + r2 +...+ rn = r. , n, r1, r 2 ,..., rn.

r(r1, r 2 ,..., rn).

(r1, r 2 ,..., rn), . , r 1! r 2!... r n!.

, , , , r 1! r 2!... r n!. r(r1, r 2 ,..., rn).

, r , r!. , r(r1, r 2 ,...,rn) r 1! r 2!... r n! = r!,

. , 12 (4 , 4 , 2 , 2 ) 12(4,4,2,2) = 207900.

, n r . r1, r 2 ,..., rn r1 + r2 +...+ rn = r 0 < r i, .

: x1 + x2 +...+ xn = r.

n r r n .

, r n .

n = 2, r = 3, , 23 = 8 , (.. ) . , , ; :

{1,1,1}, {2,2,2}, {1,1,2}, {1,2,2}. , , .

r n . n r . , (r1, r 2 ,..., rn) .

, n, r.

r - n , (α1, α2,..., αr), . (α1, α2,..., αr) (d1, d2,..., dr)

d1 = α1 + 0, d2 = α2 + 1,... di = αi + i - l,... dr = αr + r - l.

, αi di αi di . {di, } : ( ) r 1 n + r - 1, .. .

, 4 - 2 -

111, 112, 122, 222 4 di

123, 124, 134, 234.

,

x1 + x2 +...+ xn = r.

r1, r 2 ,..., rn, , r1 + r2 +...+ rn = r, n r, r 1 , r 2 , r n - n - . , n r, r1 + r2 +...+ rn = r (r 1 - , r 2 - ,..., r n - n - ) . , n r

r1 + r2 +...+ rn = r . :

. . 4 : , , . 10 ?

. , , . , , , - , . , , . , , , , , , . , 5 , 2 , 2 1 , : 1111101101101. , 10 3 . , 10 3 - . , 10 3 ,

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, . n , r , , , n r , :

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x1 + x2 +...+ xn = r

r n r n .

. 40 . ?

r = 40, n = 3.

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r n .

r n r1, r 2 ,..., rn , r1 + r2 +...+ rn = r, r k, 1≤ n, , . , r , . , r n r1, r 2 ,..., rn , r1 + r2 +...+ rn = r, r 1 r , r 2 r - r 1 r n r - r 1 - r 2 -...- r n-1 .

, r n n r, r1, r 2 ,..., rn , r1 + r2 +...+ rn = r, 0≤ r k, , :

r1 + r2 +...+ rn = r 0 ≤ r k, , :

.

, :

,

r1, r 2 ,..., rn , r1 + r2 +...+ rn = r, 0≤ r k, .

. n =2, r =3, n r = 23 = 8 ,

{111}, {222}, {112, 121, 211}, {122, 212, 221}. :

. n = 2. :

.

, r n , : , , , , .

n .

, n k , U(k,n) = k n.

, n 2n .

, n k , n 1 , n 2 ,

, n , n = n1 + n2, :

, n k , :

.

, , . k , (n-k) k . , , n n - k, : .

. 52 13 . 52 4 13 ; :

. , , "",

 

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