1. Linus Torvalds is the most famous computer programmer.
2. He is the founder and coordinator of Linux.
3. Torvalds had a hardly happy childhood.
4. His emphasis was placed on sport from an early age.
5. His father had the greatest influence on the young Linus.
6. Torvalds began to create new programs, first using the BASIC programming language and then using the much more difficult but also more powerful language.
7. Torvalds used his savings to buy his first computer which was one of the world's first 32-bit computers for home use in 1987.
8. At the University of Helsinki he was already an accomplished programmer.
9. In 1991 Torvalds purchased an IBM-compatible personal computer which appealed to him because it represented a tremendous improvement over earlier Intel chips.
10. Torvalds attempted to obtain a version of UNIX for his new computer.
11. Torvalds created a new operating system from scratch that was based on both MINIX and UNIX and gave his new operating system the working name Linux.
12. Minor corporations realized the potential of Linux, and they adopted it for their Internet servers and networks.
Answer the questions
1. What are the advantages of using Linux in embedded systems?
2. Why was Linus Torvalds a successful person?
3. What is Linus Torvalds working on today?
Study the information about Present Perfect Simple, ask your teacher if you have any questions
Present Perfect Simple употребляется для выражениядействий, которые произошли в прошлом в неопределенное время. Конкретное время действия не важно, важен результат. А также для выражения действий, которые начались в прошлом и всё ещё продолжаются в настоящем.
К маркерам Present Perfect относятся:
for, since, already, just, recently, ever, how long, yet, lately, never, so far.
Present perfect
| + | - | ? |
| I / you / we / you / they have V(3) / V(ed). | Have I / you / we / you / they V(3) / V(ed)? | I / you / we / you / they have not (haven’t) V(3) / V(ed). . |
| She/he/itha s V(3) / V(ed). | Ha s he/she/it V(3) / V(ed)? | He/she/it ha s not (hasn’t) V(3) / V(ed). |
Example: I have finished school. – Я окончил школу.
She has already written the letter. – Она же написала письмо.
Have you visited your friends recently? – Ты недавно навещал друзей?
She has not forgotten about that. – Она об этом не забыла.
6. Write questions with How long …? And the Present Perfect
Example: you / work / here – How long have you worked here?
1. he / know / about this problem. 2. she / be / a director of the company. 3. you / want / change jobs. 4. they / have / their website. 5. he / be / interested / in working for us. 6. he / have / a company car. 7. she / be / responsible for that account. 8. we / study / engineering.
Rewrite the following sentences using the Present Perfect
Example: He works here – he started work in January.
He has worked here since January.
1. He lives in Tyumen – he was born there. 2. He is a computer programmer – he became a programmer when he left University. 3. They create new programs – they started creating new programs some years ago. 4. They lead the market – they became market leaders in 1998. 5. They purchase IBM-compatible personal computers – they bought them in early 1991. 6. She owns a business – she set it up five years ago. 7. He takes his first class in the C programming language – he started taking his first class in 1990. 8. He spends a lot of time working in the garage workshop – he started doing it when he was a child.
Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect Simple or the
Past Simple
A: Hello, Billy. I 1) haven’t seen (not / see) you for a long time.
B: Yes, I 2) ______ (be) very busy recently.
A: Really? Tell me what you 3) _____ (do) since we last 4) _____ (see) each other.
B: Well, I 5) _____ (get) my degree last month and then I 6) _____ (move) house.
A: When 7) _____ (you / move)?
B: Last week, but I 8) _____ (not / unpack) everything yet.
A: I 9) _____ (phone) you on Tuesday but there 10) _____ (be) no answer.
B: I 11) _____ (be) busy at my new house then.
A: Never mind, I only 12) _____ (want) to invite you to a party next week at my house.
B: Great! Thank you.
Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect Simple or the
Past Simple
1. Mr and Mrs Ivashko won (win) two free tickets to Paris in a TV show last week. 2. First, Robert ______ (brush) his teeth, then he _____ (go) to bed. 3. “_____ (you / ever / see) a lion?” – “Yes, I saw one when I _____ (go) to Kenya in 1996.” 4. I _____ (not / see) my family for two years. 5. “Where is Oleg?” – “He _____ (go) fishing for the day with his father.” 6. My sister _____ (not / play) the violin since she was twelve. 7. I _____ (already / see) this film. Let’s watch something else. 8. Last week, Fred _____ (fall) off a ladder and _____ (break) his arm. 9. I _____ (never / hear) such a moving song before. 10. Jennifer _____ (always / want) to get Harrison Ford’s autograph.
Correct the mistakes
1. We have bought a new sofa last month. 2. Jim lives in England for three years. 3. My father has went fishing. 4. She is just moved house. 5. We have eaten lunch at one o’clock. 6. Sophie has do her homework. 7. Tanya and Tima have got married ten years ago. 8. I am at school since nine o’clock.
