Example: to enter the university
1. __________ changes
2. __________ the knowledge
3. __________ upon applicant’s abilities
4. __________ courses
5. __________ an exam
6. __________ hard on the project
7. __________ worthy to become a student
8. __________ among students
9. __________ science
10. __________ after M. V. Lomonosov
11. __________ in the field of modern science
12. __________ professional skills
Compose your own sentences with the following words and phrases
Example: Moscow State University is the largest educational institution in Russia.
1. a school-leaver; 2. to invite; 3. a permission; 4. advanced science; 5. to enroll; 6. a subject; 7. to do research; 8. to be proud of; 9. to offer; 10. to be popular among; 11. the leading scientific centre; 12. to undergo rapid changes.
Say on what faculties a student can
1. use their knowledge in courts of law
2. work in different fields of mass media
3. study Economics and business
4. develop philosophical ideas
5. take practical courses in Zoological Museum and Botanical Gardens
6. study the work of Artificial Intelligence
Answer the questions
1. Who inspired the foundation of Moscow State University?
2. When was Moscow University founded?
3. Tatiana is a patron saint of MSU, isn’t she?
4. Were there three or five faculties at the beginning of MSU?
5. What were the languages of the lectures?
6. When was the university patronized by Catherine the Great?
7. Name the modern faculties of MSU. What are they famous for?
8. Was it difficult for you to choose your University and profession?
9. What helped you to make your choice?
10. Do you think that school-leavers should be helped to choose their future profession? What should be done to help teenagers to find their way in life?
Steve Jobs
Study the vocabulary carefully
Vocabulary
to launch – запускать, выпускать на рынок товар
to remain – оставаться
to be adopted – быть усыновленным
boldly – отважно, дерзко
to be underway – быть в процессе разработки
to force – вынуждать
to improve – улучшать
to be withdrawn – быть отозванным (о товаре)
to unveil – торжественно представлять, открывать
to estimate – оценивать
to lack – испытывать недостаток, не иметь
to purchase – покупать, приобретать
box office – театральная касса (здесь – сборы)
CEO – Chief Executive Officer – генеральный директор
visionary – прорицатель, провидец
Match the columns
| 1. substance 2. silicon 3. gadgetry 4. workshop 5. occasion 6. sales 7. whiz 8. internship 9. entirely 10. competitor | A. кремний B. знаток, дока C. вещество D. продажи E. мастерская F. случай G. совершенно, полностью H. соперник I. практика, стажировка J. технические приспособления |
Read the text about Steve Jobs and find out the most important facts from the text
Advances in electronics
Steve Jobs launched one of the largest industries of the past decades while still in his early twenties. He remains one of the most inventive and energetic minds in American technology.
Steven Jobs was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California, and was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs.
In 1961 the family moved to California. This area was becoming a center for electronics. Electronics form the basic elements of devices such as radios, televisions, stereos, and computers. At that time people started to refer to the area as "Silicon Valley." This is because a substance called silicon is used in the manufacturing of electronic parts.
As a child, Jobs preferred doing things by himself. He showed an early interest in electronics and gadgetry. He spent a lot of time working in the garage workshop of a neighbor who worked at Hewlett-Packard, an electronics manufacturer.
Jobs also enrolled in the Hewlett-Packard Explorer Club. There he saw
engineers demonstrate new products, and he saw his first computer at the age of twelve. He was very impressed, and knew right away that he wanted to work with computers.
While in high school, Jobs attended lectures at the Hewlett-Packard plant. On one occasion he boldly asked William Hewlett (1931–2001), the president, for some parts he needed to complete a class project. Hewlett was so impressed he gave Jobs the parts, and offered him a summer internship at Hewlett-Packard.
After graduating from high school in 1972, Jobs attended Reed College in Portland, Oregon, for two years. In 1975 Jobs joined a group known as the Homebrew Computer Club. One member, a technical whiz named Steve Wozniak (1950–), was trying to build a small computer. Jobs became fascinated with the marketing potential of such a computer. In 1976 he and Wozniak formed their own company. They called it Apple Computer Company, in memory of a happy summer Jobs had spent picking apples. They raised $1,300 in startup money by selling Jobs's microbus and Wozniak's calculator. At first they sold circuit boards (the boards that hold the internal components of a computer) while they worked on the computer prototype (sample).
Jobs had realized there was a huge gap in the computer market. At that time almost all computers were mainframes. They were so large that one could fill a room, and so costly that individuals could not afford to buy them. Advances in electronics, however, meant that computer components were getting smaller and the power of the computer was increasing.
Jobs and Wozniak redesigned their computer, with the idea of selling it to individual users. The Apple II went to market in 1977, with impressive first year sales of $2.7 million. The company's sales grew to $200 million within three years. This was one of the most phenomenal cases of corporate growth in U.S. history. Jobs and Wozniak had opened an entirely new market – personal computers. Personal computers began an entirely new way of processing information.
By 1980 the personal computer era was well underway. Apple was continually forced to improve its products to remain ahead, as more competitors entered the marketplace. Apple introduced the Apple III, but the new model suffered technical and marketing problems. It was withdrawn from the market, and was later reworked and reintroduced.
In 1984 Apple introduced a revolutionary new model, the Macintosh. The on-screen display had small pictures called icons. To use the computer, the user pointed at an icon and clicked a button using a new device called a mouse. This process made the Macintosh very easy to use. The Macintosh did not sell well to businesses, however. It lacked features other personal computers had, such as a corresponding high quality printer. The failure of the Macintosh signaled the beginning of Jobs's downfall at Apple. Jobs resigned in 1985 from the company he had helped found, though he retained his title as chairman of its board of directors.
Jobs soon hired some of his former employees to begin a new computer company called NeXT. Late in 1988 the NeXT computer was introduced at a large gala event in San Francisco, aimed at the educational market. Initial reactions were generally good. The product was very user-friendly, and had a fast processing speed, excellent graphics displays, and an outstanding sound system. Despite the warm reception, however, the NeXT machine never caught on. It was too costly, had a black-and-white screen, and could not be linked to other computers or run common software.
NeXT was not, however, the end of Steve Jobs. In 1986 Jobs purchased a small company called Pixar from filmmaker George Lucas (1944–). Pixar specialized in computer animation. Nine years later Pixar released Toy Story, a huge box office hit. Pixar later went on to make Toy Story 2 and A Bug's Life, which Disney distributed, and Monsters, Inc. All these films have been extremely successful. Monsters, Inc. had the largest opening weekend ticket sales of any animated film in history.
In December of 1996 Apple purchased NeXT Software for over $400 million. Jobs returned to Apple as a part-time consultant to the chief executive officer (CEO). The following year, in a surprising event, Apple entered into a partnership with its competitor Microsoft. The two companies, according to the New York Times, "agreed to cooperate on several sales and technology fronts." Over the next six years Apple introduced several new products and marketing strategies.
In November 1997 Jobs announced Apple would sell computers directly to users over the Internet and by telephone. The Apple Store became a runaway success. Within a week it was the third-largest e-commerce site on the Internet. In September of 1997 Jobs was named CEO of Apple.
He was instrumental in launching the age of the personal computer. Steve Jobs is truly a computer industry visionary.
Answer the questions
1. When and where was Steve Jobs born?
2. When and where did he see his first computer?
3. How much money did Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak have to start up their company?
4. When did the first personal computer go to the market?
5. Who became the main competitor of Apple in 1983?
6. Why did Steve Jobs leave Apple?
7. What was the reason of NeXT failure?
8. What happened to NeXT?
9. Who was the owner of Pixar before Steve Jobs?
10. What are the most famous products of Pixar?
11. When did Steve Jobs return to Apple?
12. What is the position of Steve Jobs now?
Linus Torvalds
