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. . . . . , . , 50- XX (maser microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). . , . , . , .

. , (laser light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). , , . . 9.3, ( 10 1 ), . . Al2O3, ( 0.05%) .

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. , .. ( , , , ). , : 100% , 1%. , , , . , , . (.. ), , .

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. . (, ). . , , . , , . . - , , ( 108 ).

, , , . , 18 ( ) 3900 ( ). 1 , 109 . 200 . , () .






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