l m ( ) . . ( ):
(7.6)
( ). , . , : (7.7)
. (7.7) . .
(7.6) :
(7.8)
, , .. , (, ..). , , , .
, , .
, ( ) , , : (7.9)
- , .
, (7.9) . . , :
;
, , .
, . :
(7.8)
M :
(l = 0, 1, 2,..., n 1) (7.9)
l - , .
. 7.3 M (l = 1 l = 2). , l (7.9) l M .
, - r = M. , , l. M (. 7.3), Mz M , ħ ( z ).
|
|
. 7.3.
, , .
, , , ; () ( ) .
, . Mz z :
(7.10)
:
(ml = 0, 1, 2,..., l) (7.11)
ml ( (7.5) 7.3 m).
, , ; .
. 7.3 M: l = 1 3 , z; l = 2 5, .. , M (2 l + 1) . M, mlħ: ml = 0 , ml = 1 ħ ..
, En ( E1, ψ100) ψnlm, n ml . , , . , , En, . ,
n = 2 l: 0 1;
l = 0 ml = 0,
l = 1 3 ml = 1, 0 1.
: 2 4 l ml.
, , , . 2 8 , , 8 2.