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, : , . H2O. . , , , , , , + - .

, . , .

, :

I. . , . , , . :

CH3COOK + H2O ↔ K+ + CH3COO- + OH- + H+ ↔ CH3COOH + K+ + OH-

, + , . + . - . .

:

,

[H2O] , [H2O] . :

. [H+] :

-

[-]:[3] = [-]

, :

[CH3COO-] =

.

:

[OH-] = (K )1/2

.

, [OH-] = ()1/2

, , , .

,

[OH-] = .

II. . .

NH4Cl → NH4+ + Cl-

:

H2O ↔ H+ + OH-

NH4+ - NH4H, . :

NH4Cl + H2O ↔ NH4+ + Cl- + OH- + H+ ↔ NH4OH + H+ + Cl-

- . + . , .

I , :

.

[NH4H] [+], [NH4+] .

:

,

.

III. . :

CH3COONH4 → NH4+ + CH3COO-

NH4+ 3- NH4H 3 :

CH3COONH4 + H2O ↔ NH4OH + CH3COOH

, , .

.

.

:

;

[NH4+] [3-]

, .

[+], . :

[NH4+] = [CH3COO-]; [CH3COOH] = [NH4OH]

[NH4H] [3],

[3-] [N4+], :

[+] [3] :

[H+] =

, , .

IV. . , KCl → K+ + Cl-

, , , , . .

.

.

() .

)

, . , . , .

 





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: 2015-11-05; !; : 1960 |


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