, : , . H2O. . , , , , , , + - .
, . , .
, :
I. . , . , , . :
CH3COOK + H2O ↔ K+ + CH3COO- + OH- + H+ ↔ CH3COOH + K+ + OH-
, + , . + . - . .
:
,
[H2O] , [H2O] . :
. [H+] :
-
[-]:[3] = [-]
, :
[CH3COO-] =
.
:
[OH-] = (K )1/2
.
, [OH-] = ()1/2
, , , .
,
[OH-] = .
II. . .
NH4Cl → NH4+ + Cl-
:
H2O ↔ H+ + OH-
NH4+ - NH4H, . :
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NH4Cl + H2O ↔ NH4+ + Cl- + OH- + H+ ↔ NH4OH + H+ + Cl-
- . + . , .
I , :
.
[NH4H] [+], [NH4+] .
:
,
.
III. . :
CH3COONH4 → NH4+ + CH3COO-
NH4+ 3- NH4H 3 :
CH3COONH4 + H2O ↔ NH4OH + CH3COOH
, , .
.
.
:
;
[NH4+] [3-]
, .
[+], . :
[NH4+] = [CH3COO-]; [CH3COOH] = [NH4OH]
[NH4H] [3],
[3-] [N4+], :
[+] [3] :
[H+] =
, , .
IV. . , KCl → K+ + Cl-
, , , , . .
.
.
() .
(α)
, . , . , .
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