Unit 6
FILMFESTIVALS
WORD-BUILDING
Некоторые существительные совпадают по форме с глаголами, но отличаются ударением. В существительных ударение падает на первый слог, а в соответствующих глаголах - на второй.
Существительное глагол
conduct поведение conduct проводить, руководить; дирижировать
conflict конфликт conflict противоречить, конфликтовать
contract контракт, договор contract сжимать(ся), взять на себя обязательство
decrease уменьшение decrease уменьшать(ся)
desert пустыня desert покидать, бросать, дезертировать
digest краткое изложение, сводка digest переваривать
discount скидка discount понизить цену; не принимать в расчёт
escort эскорт escort сопровождать
export экспорт export экспортировать
extract отрывок extract извлекать
import импорт import импортировать
increase увеличение, рост increase увеличиваться, возрастать
insert вкладыш, монтажная перебивка insert вставлять
insult оскорбление insult оскорблять
misprint опечатка misprint неправильно напечатать
object объект, предмет object (to) возражать (против)
permit разрешение (документ) permit разрешать
present подарок present дарить; представлять
progress прогресс progress прогрессировать, развиваться
project проект project проектировать; проецировать
protest протест protest протестовать
rebel мятежник rebel восставать
record запись; пластинка; рекорд record записывать (звук, изображение)
refund возмещение расходов refund возмещать расходы
subject тема, предмет; индивид subject подвергать
survey соцопрос, обозрение survey делать обзор
update новейшая информация update обновить
upgrade модификация upgrade модифицировать, модернизировать
Exercise 1. Identify the part of speech. Then read out the phrases and translate them into
Russian.
1. When Edison first recorded sound he did it on tin foil.
2. There was a massive increase in the number of poetry publications last year.
3. For evening entertainment, Mr. Ireland projects old 16-millimeter films onto a bed sheet in the parking area.
4. Audiences liked the movie better, giving it an A- grade on average, according to a survey that CinemaScore conducted earlier this month.
5. Well done! You’re making progress.
6. Things are progressing as normal.
7. Nearly 50,000 American and 100,000 British soldiers deserted from the armed forces during World War II.
8. Trying to picture the other guy’s perspective is often the best strategy for solving conflicts.
9. This spring, Everest climbing permits alone earned Nepal nearly $3 million.
10. Those objects date back to 1930s.
11. In the first episode, Baker read an extract from a contemporary novel.
12. I’ll update the story with further details later today.
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
I. PresentPerfect образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола tohave и страдательного причастия, то есть по формуле:
have
+ ParticipleII (3-яформаглагола)
has
Утвердительные предложения:
| I have seen it | We have seen it |
| You have seen it | You have seen it |
| He / she / it has seen it | They have seen it |
Вопросительные предложения:
| Have I seen it? | Have we seen it? |
| Have you seen it? | (How many times) Have you seen it? |
| Has he / she / it seen it? | (What game) Have they seen it? |
Отрицательные предложения:
| I have not seen it | We have not seen it |
| You have not seen it | You have not seen it |
| He / she / it has not seen it | They have not seen it |
II. PresentPerfect выражает действие, предшествующее настоящему, но связанное с ним. Это настоящее время; нам важно то, что в настоящем есть результат. Используя PresentPerfect, мы говорим, благодаря какому именно прошлому действию мы сейчас имеем такой результат.
Напр.: She’ swritten abook. – Она написала книгу. (Результат – Есть книга.
Можете прочитать её. И т.п.)
She ’sread thisbook. – Она прочитала эту книгу. (Результат – Она знает
её содержание. Не нужно ей дарить эту книгу. И
т.п.)
PresentPerfect употребляется:
1) если не указано, когда в прошлом совершилось действие.
They ’ve left.
2) если указан период времени, который ещё не закончился, то есть включает и настоящий момент, напр.: today, thisweek, thisyear и т.п.
I ’ve seen two good films this month.
3) с такими словами, как just (в значении «только что»)
lately
recently
since
He ’s just come.
Have you seen her since you left school?
She hasn’t called us lately.
часто со словами ever
never
yet
already
Have you ever been to London?
I ’ve never seen her.
He hasn’t given an answer yet.
Have they arrived yet?
She ’s already finished her lunch.
4) вконструкции “It’s the first / second, etc. time …”
It’s the first time I ’ve done it.
It’s the third time he ’s been here.
III. Обратите внимание!
1) She’ sbeento thecinema. – Она ходила в кино (но уже вернулась)
She ’sgoneto thecinema. – Она пошла в кино (и ещё не вернулась)
2) Слово yet употребляется только в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях. В отрицаниях оно значит ещё (нет), в вопросах – уже.
В утвердительных предложениях уже будет по-английски already.Already используется в вопросах, только если вы хотите выразить удивление, поскольку что-то совершилось раньше, чем ожидалось.
3) Мы используем PresentPerfect со словом just, только если оно значит только что.
I ’ve just seen her.
I just saw her, we didn’t talk.
Exercise 2. What are the results of these Present Perfect Actions?
Ex.:Helen’s cleaned her room. => Helen’s room is clean now.
1. John hasn’t washed his shirt yet.
2. She’s learned to cook well.
3. I’ve left my money at home.
4. We’ve run out of sugar.
5. They’ve eaten up all the vegetables.
6. He’s bought a country cottage.
7. Have you graduated from university?
8. Sorry, I’ve forgotten your name.
9. Their little daughter hasn’t learned to walk yet.
10. The noise has stopped.
11. Have you made tea?
Exercise 3. Mathew has invited Sophia to supper at his flat. He’s expecting her to arrive
any minute now…
The flat is clean.
There aren’t any dirty dishes in the kitchen.
The lights are all off except one.
The table is laid for two.
There’s a bottle of champagne on the table.
There’s a box of chocolates as well.
The candles are lit.
There’s some soft music on.
There’s a bunch of flowers on the coffee table.
Mathew is wearing his best suit.
These are the results of Mathew’s preparations. Say what he has done.
Ex.:He has cleaned his flat.
LANGUAGE USE
Exercise 4. Open the brackets using Present Perfect.
Ex.: Michael has arrived. (arrive)
- Thank you very much. You … me a lot. (help)
- She … a lot in her life. (travel)
- Is Ann ill? I … her this week. (not see)
- I’m afraid he … the work yet. (not finish)
- … you … Bill yet? (call)
- We … already … everything. (do)
- Why are the police here? What …? (happen)
- Stay for lunch. Steve … a lovely meal. (cook)
- … Mary … your e-mail yet? (answer)
- It … raining. We can go out now. (stop)
- … you … your keys? (find)
- Who … the glass? (break)
- I think I … you somewhere before. (see)
- I … so much about you. (hear)
Exercise 5. Listen to the song.
Brighton in the Rain
original lyrics by Robert Campbell
I'venever been to Athens and I've never been to Rome
I'veonly seen the Pyramids in picture books at home
I've never sailed across the sea or been inside a plane
I'vealways spent my holidays in Brighton in the rain.
I've never eaten foreign food or drunk in a foreign bar
I've never kissed a foreign girl or driven a foreign car
I've never had to find my way in a country I don't know
I'vealways known just where I am and where I’ll never go.
I'veread travel books by writers who have been to Pakistan
I've heard people telling stories of adventures in Iran
I've watched TV documentaries about China and Brazil
But I've never been abroad myself; it’s making me feel ill.
I'vestudied several languages like Hindi and Malay
I've learnt lots of useful sentences I've never been able to say
The furthest place I've ever been was to the Isle of Man
And that was full of tourists from Jamaica and Japan.
I've never been to Athens and I've never been to Rome
I'veonly seen the Pyramids in picture books at home
I've never sailed across the sea or been inside a plane
I'vealways spent my holidays in Brighton in the rain.
Exercise 6. Close the text of the song. Fill in the gaps and complete the song lyrics with Present Perfect forms of the verbs listed below (verbs may be used more than once). Listen to the song again and check your answers.
| be | drive | drink | eat | go | have | hear | kiss |
| know | learn | read | sail | see | spend | study | watch |
I’ve never (1) _ _ _ _ to Athens and I’ve never (2) _ _ _ _ to Rome.
I've only (3) _ _ _ _ the Pyramids in picture books at home.
I've never (4) _ _ _ _ _ _ across the sea or (5) _ _ _ _ inside a plane.
I've always (6) _ _ _ _ _ my holidays in Brighton in the rain.
I've never (7) _ _ _ _ _ foreign food or (8) _ _ _ _ in a foreign bar.
I've never (9) _ _ _ _ _ _ a foreign girl or (10) _ _ _ _ _ _ a foreign car.
I've never (11) _ _ _ to find my way in a country I don’t know.
I've always (12) _ _ _ _ _ just where I am and where I’ll never go.
I've (13) _ _ _ _ travel books by writers who have (14) _ _ _ _ to Pakistan.
I’ve (15) _ _ _ _ _ people telling stories of adventures in Iran.
I’ve (16) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TV documentaries about China and Brazil.
But I've never (17) _ _ _ _ abroad myself. It’s making me feel ill.
I've (18) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ several languages like Hindi and Malay.
I've (19) _ _ _ _ _ _ lots of useful sentences I’ve never (20) _ _ _ _ able to say.
The furthest place I’ve ever (21) _ _ _ _ was to the Isle of Man,
and that was full of tourists from Jamaica and Japan.
