1. What are pathogens?
2. How can infectious diseases be grouped?
3. What organisms are called bacteria?
4. What diseases are caused by viruses?
5. What do you know about AIDS?
6. How do fungi, protozoans, and worms obtain food?
7. How do infectious diseases spread?
8. What conditions are called an epidemic, a pandemic, an endemic?
V. Speaking.
1. Complete the dialogue with the words/phrases below and act it out.
kilos, food, in general, phlegm, energy, pains
Doctor: And how long have you had this temperature?
Patient: Oh, I don't know exactly. About two weeks on and off.
D.: And is the temperature there all the time or does it come on at any particular time?
P.: Well, sometimes I'm all right during the day but, I wake up at night and I'm drenched in
sweat, drenched, and sometimes my whole body shakes.
D.: And how have you been feeling_____?
P.: Well, I don't know, I've been feeling a bit tired and weak. And I just don't seem to have any. D.: And have you noticed any pain in your muscles?
P.: Yes, well, actually I have a bit, yes.
D.: And what about yotir weight? Have you lost any weight?
P.: Yes, I have, about two________.
D.: I see, and what about your appetite? What's your appetite been like?
P.: Well, I've really been off my______ this last while. I just haven't felt like eating.
D.: And have you had a cough at all?
P.: Oh yes, I have. Nearly all the time. I sometimes bring up a lot of
D.: And have you noticed any blood in it?
P.: No, never.
D.: Have you had any_______ in your chest?
P.: Not really.
2. Give as much information as you can about:
- bacterial diseases;
- viral diseases;
- AIDS;
- infectious diseases caused by fungi, protozoans and worms;
- the spread of infectious diseases.
3. Match definitions with words.
| a) Diet | __ to sound harsh because of a store throat |
| b) Complication | __the food that you eat and drink regularly |
| c) Painful | __ a particular situation |
| d) A case | a new problem or an illness that makes treatment of a previous one more difficult |
| e) Hoarse | __ causing you discomfort that hurts |
VI. Read and translate the text.
PNEUMONIA
Pneumonia begins suddenly. In most cases temperature rises quickly. The pulse rate and breathing are fast. Cough begins early and, at first, is dry and painful. The patient feels ill, has a flushed face and a dry tongue.
In severe cases there may be delirium. A patient with delirium is very restless and the nurse must pay special attention to them.
Patients with pneumonia need rest and sleep. The best position for a patient is semisitting. Fresh air is very important. These patients need a lot of liquid and a light diet.
INFLUENZA
Influenza is a very infectious disease. The disease can be mild or severe. The symptoms of influenza are: high temperature, headache and general pain. In most cases, the patient must stay in bed, be warm and drink a lot of water. The patient must stay in bed until the temperature ia normal. The next two or three days he may be up for only short periods of time. After being infected with influenza patients feel weak and often depressed.
As influenza is very infectious you must remember:
— Never shake hands when you have a cold. Colds are communicated by contact. But don't say: "1 cannot shake hands. 1 have a cold." You should be very polite. Colds are communicated by bodily contact. Be careful when shaking hands because you can communicate your cold. You can say "Sorry, I don't want to pass you my cold but it is nice to see you". You should wash your hands after shaking hands with many people or people who have colds to prevent yourself from getting sick.
HOW YOUR BODY DEFENDS AGAINST DISEASE AGENTS
Disease agents are always around you. Most of time you do not become ill. This is because your body defends against disease agents. Here are some ways.
• Your skin helps keep many agents out of your body.
• When a cut bleeds, agents are washed away from the cut.
• If it is windy, dust that contains agents may get into your eyes. You blink to keep the dust out. Tears also help wash dust out of your eyes.
• You may breathe dust that contains agents. Tiny hairs inside your nose stop the dust from getting further into your body. The dust may cause you to sneeze.
• Juices like saliva and stomach juice kill agents when they enter your body.
• If agents enter your body, white blood cells surround and destroy them.
