, , , .
, , ; , . 16 20 .
16 , 20 , 109 1012 .
.
(, , , ).
, . . , (, , ), (, , , ).
( ). , , . , .
.
, , , . (, ).
:
) (v). , . , , . 330 / ( 1200 /). 1500 /; .
) (I) . ( 1 ):
I 0 = 1012 /2; ; I 0 1013 109 /2;
I max 10 /2; .
) (). .
() , ; .
. :
P 0 = 2×105 ;
|
|
m =
= 60 .
(I) () :
I = P 2/2 rv,
r , v .
) (R a) (r) (v):
R a = rv.
(r) , :
r = I / I .
r :
r = [(R a2 R a1)/(R a2 + R a1)]2.
.
(b) , () :
b = I / I .
b
b = 4(R a1/ R a2)/(R a1/ R a1 + 1)2.
, , , . , , .
) . , , . (L):
L = lg (I / I 0); L = 2 lg (P / P 0). (1.3.79)
, [].
, 10 1 .
, []: 1 = 0,1 . :
L = 10 lg (I / I 0); L = 20 lg (P / P 0).
, :
I = I 1 + I 2 +...
:
L = lg (10 L l+10 L l +...).
.
L = 0,l× L .
:
, , ( , ). ( ).
. , , . .
.
-:
( ), ( ).
1 , 1 . :
() 1 , , ,
|
|
= klg (I/I 0). (1.3.80)
32. , L 1 = 50 , L 2 = 30 . .
: L 1 = 50 = 5 ;
L 2 = 30 = 3 ;
I 0 = 1012 /2.
: I 1/ I 2.
. , (1.3.79) :
L 1 = lg (I 1/ I 0); L 2 = lg (I 2/ I 0),
I 1 I 2:
5 = lg (I 1/ I 0) Þ I 1 = I 0×105;
3 = lg (I 2/ I 0) Þ I 2 = I 0×103.
: I 1/ I 2 = 105/103 = 100.
: 100.
33. , . 40 , . , ?
: L = L + 4.
: I min.
. , (1.3.79),
L = lg (I min/ I 0); L = lg (I 2/ I 0), (1.3.81)
I 0 .
(1.3.81) ,
L = lg (I min/ I 0) = L + 4 = lg (I 2/ I 0) + 4,
lg (I min/ I 0) lg (I 2/ I 0) = 4, ,
lg [(I min/ I 0): (I 2/ I 0)] = 4 Þ lg (I min/ I 2) = 4, :
I min/ I 2 = 104 Þ I min = I 2×104.
I 2 = 1012 /2, I min = 108 /2.
: I min = 108 /2.
34. 1000 , 106 /2 108 /2. ?
: n = 1000 ;
I 1 = 106 /2;
I 2 = 108 /2;
I 0 = 1012 /2.
: L 2 L 1.
. (1.3.79):
L 1 = lg (I 1/ I 0); L 2 = lg (I 2/ I 0),
L 1 = lg (106/1012) = 6; L 2 = lg (108/1012) = 4.
L 2 L 1 = 6 4 = 2 () = 20 ().
: 20 .
35. 26 %. ? 1000 .
: n = 1000 ;
I 0 = 1012 /2;
k = 1;
DI = 26 %.
: DL.
. , 1000 , (1.3.80), k = 1,
= klg (I/I 0) = lg (I/I 0) = L,
DL = lg (DI/I 0) = 11,4 () = 1 () = 1 ().
: 1 .
36. 90 . , ?
: L 1 = 90 = 9 ;
I 0 = 1012 /2;
: L 2.
. (1.3.79) , I 1:
L 1 = lg (I 1/ I 0) Þ I 1 = 109×1012 = 103 (/2).
:
L 2 = lg (3 I 1/ I 0) = lg (3×103/1012) = 9,5 () = 95 ().
: 95 .
37. 10 . 4 . (1/1000) . ?
: = 105 ;
t = 1 .
: W.
. , W ( ):
W = × t.
|
|
t 2 = t /2 = 0,5 ().
(1/1000) ,
W 2 = × t 2 = 5×109 (), = 0,001 .
: 5×109 .