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, . , (Enelow, Hinich, 1984; McKelvey, 1976; Riker, 1982; Williamson, 1985; Milgrom, Roberts, 1990), . , , , 1. - ( , ) , , , , , .

(Shepsle, 1986). . , , . , . . , , .

1 .; Hall, Taylor, 1996.

. -, . (North, 1990), , , , .

-, , : (1) , (2) , 2. , . ( ), .

-, , . , , , .

-, , , (Poole, Rosenthal, 1995). (Skocpol, 1979). , , , . .

, , , , . : ; , ; .

2 , , , .

- , . . , , , , ( 3 . .). , , , , , , 3. , , , , 4.

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, 5. ( 5.1)6. , , . , , .. , . , , , . , , .. .

3 .: Buchanan, Tullock, 1962; Brennan, Buchanan, 1984; Elster, 1989; Hardin, 1989; Ordeschook, 1993; Weingast, 1995. .: Austen- Aurt, Banks, 1988; Cox, McCubbins, 1993; Fiorina, 1989; Kiewiet, McCubbins, 1991; Krehbiel, Ml; Laver, Schofield, 1990; Laver, Shepsle, 1995. .: Eskridge, 1991; Kiewiet, McCubbins, 1991; Matthews, 1989; , 1985. .: Ferejohn, Shipan, 1989; Fiorina, 1981; Fiorina, 1989; McCubbins, Noll, Weingast, 1987; McCubbins, Schwartz, 1984; , 1987b; Moe, 1989; Noll, 1987; Noll, 1989; Rothenberg, 1994; Weingast, Moran, 1983. .: Rodrigues, 1994. .: Sawn 1993; Cox, Rosenblafh, 1993; Kousser, 1974. , , (Austin-Smith, 1987; Baron, 1991; Snyder, 1991) (Gerber, 1966).

4 .: Person, Tabellini, 1990, Ferejohn, 1989; Cogan, 1994; McCubbins, 1989; Cohen, Noll, 1991. .: Noll 1989; Romer, Rosenthal, 1985; .: 3.

5 Rosenthal, 1990.

* .: Enelow, Hinich, 1984.

, , . 5.1 . -, , Q. .

5.1

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Q M Q' S

, , , , . - , , , -. , . ? , , , , (Enelow, Hinich, 1984). X. , , , X. M . X M, M MX; , , , , . mutatis mutandis , X M.

, , , . ( ), , . , , -, Q.

5.1, , , , S. W(x), , . Q, W(Q),

(Q,Q')7. W(Q) , , , Q'. Q Q', Q'8. S e , . . , , Q', .

, , . : Q, S. Q, , 9. Q M (Romer, Rosenthal, 1978). 5.1. , - , ( , -) . , 5.2, - R < Q, (Q,Q') o (R,R'). S, Q ' R'. : , , .

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