7.2. :
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7.3. :
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7.4. : , , .
7.5. :
7.5.1. .
7.5.2. :
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7.6. : .
7.7. :
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7.7.1. . . .. ., , 2006. . 3-10, 40-52, 74-81.
7.7.2. .. . : .. -, 2007. . 9-30, 107-110, 127-129, 146.
7.7.3. .., .. ( ). : , 2009. . 4-20.
7.7.4. .., .. . ., 2003. . 2-3, 6-8, 19-24, 87-91, 117-125.
7.7.5. . . . .. , 2004. . 29-32, 42-45.
7.7.6. Ққ .Ө., ұ Ұ.Ә. қ-қ ң ққ ө. : , 2012.
:
7.7.7. .., . . ., 2003. .11-14.
7.7.8. .., .. . .: , 2003. . 7-11.
7.7.9. .. . .: -, 2006. . 27-32.
7.7.10. : . / . , , -, . : . . . . ; . . . . .- .: -, 2010. . 19-20.
7.7.11. .., .. . ., 2005. . 73-114.
7.7.12. : / . . .. , . .., . .. . .: -, 2012. . 69-72.
7.8. :
7.8.1. .
7.8.2. :
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7.8.2.1. .
7.8.2.2. , , .
:
| - , ; , ( ). | ң қ, ұқққң құқ-қ ; ң (қ ) қ Қ ң . | Gene structural and functional unit of heredity, which controls the development of one of trait; segment of DNA that controls the synthesis of a single polypeptide chain (protein molecules). |
| () ( ) . | - , ң ң ( ң) құғ ң (ң) қ. | Promoters specific regulatory sequence (nucleotides) of gene (DNA molecule) which binds to RNA-polymerase for subsequent transcription. |
| , () . | ң ө қ, ң () қ. | Operator specific sequence of nucleotides in the regulatory part of gene that regulates the activity (transcription) of gene. |
| , . | қ қ ң ү қ. | Enhancers regulatory sequence accelerating process of gene transcription by interacting with specific transcription factors. |
| , . | Құқ құқ қ қ . | Structural genes genes controlling synthesis of structural proteins and enzymes. |
: . . ..
2 ()
