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. , , /, , () , ,

. .

 

(Likert Scaling)

 

. . , , . , , , - . , , .

, - , : (5), (4), (3), (2), (1). 5- (, ). 5- 7- .

( ) (Faces approach); : . 0,90, - - Ҹ 0,80.

. () , ,

.

 

(Thurstoune scaling)

 

. ., (method of equal-appearing intervals), , Ҹ .

(., ). , , , . . . () , , 11 , (1) ( ) (6) (11) . (Q) ; Q - . . . , .

- , ( ), 1 11. . , - ; - . , .

Ҹ ., . . . , (weighted checklists), .

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(scaling)

 

XIX . . . . , ., . . . Ҹ , , , , . , . , . , , . , , , , - .

. : ( ) .

 

  ( ) ( )
( ) I II
( ) III IV

 

I , , . II , , (pleasantness unpleasantness scale). Co III IV . , , a, b , , , - b b , .

. . . . - , . . , , , ., , - , , . . , , , , - . - , ( ) . , .

. , ( 1) (n / 2) . ., 10 45 , 50 , 1225 . , . (multiple rank orders method). , . ., . . . (BIBD).

. . - , ., . . , . IV , - .

, ( IV ). , , ( ) , .

. , , .

. , - , . , , . , , , 1 10, 20 , ., 30, . . , ( 1)(n / 2) , . , . , .

. . , - , , . , .

, . , , a, b , . . , .

, . . . . (, ) , , , - () , ., . . , . . (composite stimuli), - .

. ., (. . ). , . . - , .

. ,

X. .

 

- (Merrill-Palmer Scales)

 

. -.: - (Merrill-Palmer Scale of Mental Tests) - (Extended Merrill-Palmer Scale), . 18 6 ; 3 5 . , -.

- 93 , , - 6- , 18 23 . 4 : (Language), -- (All-or-None), (Form Board and Picture), (Motor Coordination). - . ( ). IQ. 1920- .

- 16 , : (Semantic Production), (Figural Production), (Semantic Evaluation), (Figural Evaluation). (SI). ( ), ( ). - . .

. ,

.

 

(Bayley scales of infant development)

 

. . . . 1 30 . : (Mental Scale) (Motor Scale). , . , , , , , , . . (body control), . . . . ., (Infant Behavior Record, IBR), , , (. ).

. ,

.

 

(schools without failure)

 

. . . . , . - , - . , - ., . . , - .

, , . , - , , , , , , . , , . , -. , , - , - , , .

.

.

 

(schools of professional psychology)

 

-. , . , ; . . . , . , , ; , , . . . . , -. . -, , - .

. . . . . -, - . . -, , -. . , , - -, . - , , -. - , . , . . , , . -, - -, , , . , , .

. . . . - (Adelphi University). 1957 . . ., , . -, . . . , , , 1949 . -, . . , . - , , , . . .

, , . , - , . 1965 .

. . . , , 1969 ., . 1960- . . , - . , . 1970 . - - . .

1973 . , . , , -. , . . -, . , - (Rutgers University) 1974 ., - , - . - , , - , . . . ., , , , . - . 1990- . 35 , - -, . , , .

. - . , , , . . , . , - ; , , . , , - , - , . . 34 36 , 1991 . (National Council of Schools of Professional Psychology), .

1976 . . , , . ., . , . (Council of Graduate Departments of Psychology) - (Council of University Directors of Clinical Psychology Programs) .

. , , ,

. .

 

(school adjustment)

 

, - , , , . , . , , .

. , - . , , . , . , .- , . .

. , , ,

. .

 

(school phobia)

 

. . / , . . . : ) , ; ) , , ; ) ; ) , . . , . . , , . , , -, , .

. . . 11 , . . . . , . , , , . . . . . . . , . . 8% , - .





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