(1989) (. 4).
, , , , . , ( 1990- ). , , . , ( ), ; . , : (48% , 50% , 61% ), , 88, 56 31% . .
, , , . , . (%):
: | 1970 1979 1989 |
65,9 66,9 72,8 | |
30,3 27,0 17,1 | |
3,8 6,1 10,0 |
, . . , . , 1989 . 3564 (1530) - ( -, - ) . 1347. : 15,2%. , 88,7% . , .
? , ? , , .
, - , . . 3.3 , . , , , , . - .
|
|
4
, | , % | - , % | |||
1 1986 5946 | 99,95 | 0,03 | |||
5 522 096 | 14,18 | 13,14 | |||
4 362 872 | 57,01 | 4,90 | |||
1 773 645 | 22,26 | 11,88 | |||
1 345 273 | 10,05 | 17,32 | |||
1 206 222 | 63,46 | 2,87 | |||
1 072 939 | 30,83 | 4,84 | |||
898 999 | 1,06 | 24,92 | |||
842 295 | 57,99 | 3,64 | |||
714 833 | 28,94 | 8,79 | |||
643 698 | 17,82 | 12,66 | |||
635 865 | 11,49 | 10,10 | |||
544 016 | 1,58 | 33,14 | |||
536 848 | 90,53 | 2,41 | |||
532 390 | 31,83 | 6,82 | |||
417 425 | 13,32 | 14,34 | |||
402 275 | 6,43 | 10,37 | |||
386 055 | 2,23 | 19,70 | |||
380 242 | 5,93 | 29,09 | |||
353 348 | 1,50 | 30,50 | |||
336 309 | 28,88 | 8,37 | |||
335 889 | 14,62 | 17,90 | |||
277 163 | 1,7823,55 | ||||
257 270 | 4,5026,77 | ||||
215 068 | 1,5918,16 | ||||
206 160 | 1,38 | 39,46 | |||
181 517 | 36,28 | 13,07 | |||
34 190 | 17,58 | 20,28 | |||
28,29 | 16,03 | ||||
22 283 | 38,52 | 10,63 | |||
27,42 | 20,01 | ||||
15 107 | 28,32 | 10,37 | |||
11 883 | 55,30 | 4,52 | |||
8 942 | 46,78 | 6,45 | |||
8 279 | 62,66 | 4,73 | |||
6 584 | 15,37 | 16,33 | |||
76,20 | 3,99 | ||||
3 564 | 50,59 | 6,82 | |||
3 173 | 66,53 | 9,30 | |||
80,20 | 3,17 | ||||
1 902 | 68,14 | 14,30 | |||
1 835 | 56,78 | 2,40 | |||
1 704 | 45,89 | 5,40 | |||
1 384 | 71,17 | 3,90 | |||
1 262 | 15,29 | 27,89 | |||
1 112 | 45,86 | 17,00 | |||
1 084 | 49,45 | 5,54 | |||
80,97 | 5,44 | ||||
55,54 | 5,26 | ||||
72,20 | 4,81 | ||||
69,51 | 8,52 | ||||
37,88 | 13,64 | ||||
54,19 | 5,03 | ||||
172 671 | 31,71 | 6,63 | |||
165 821 | 6,85 | 6,27 | |||
4
, | , % | - , % | ||
152 939 | 12,56 | 10,17 | ||
150 332 | 2,10 | 18,12 | ||
- | 147 269 | 28,71 | 9,19 | |
130 688 | 28,58 | 6,85 | ||
126 899 | 18,06 | 13,74 | ||
124 921 | 51,16 | 2,55 | ||
122 908 | 4,61 | 13,26 | ||
107 051 | 63,07 | 5,10 | ||
106 245 | 3,88 | 18,37 | ||
74,71 | 3,03 | |||
93 587 | 2,41 | 35,14 | ||
91 699 | 52,30 | 3,86 | ||
78 500 | 23,13 | 9,61 | ||
78 341 | 4,17 | 15,54 | ||
73 703 | 2,92 | 17,32 | ||
39,60 | 3,84 | |||
14,77 | 19,61 | |||
5,22 | 17,56 | |||
47 102 | 63,14 | 2,14 | ||
56,62 | 2,89 | |||
46 390 | 58,07 | 3,63 | ||
41 734 | 8,89 | 36,57 | ||
11,82 | 11,65 | |||
38 208 | 17,38 | 15,54 | ||
32 983 | 4,25 | 17,23 | ||
32 785 | 53,46 | 5,15 | ||
21 275 | 9,63 | 6,81 | ||
3,11 | 33,42 | |||
14,35 | 7,54 | |||
17 728 | 3,37 | 27,42 | ||
40,87 | 5,57 | |||
12 142 | 48,29 | 2,17 | ||
11 282 | 21,10 | 12,07 | ||
31,90 | 5,20 | |||
9 890 | 10,02 | 21,72 | ||
9 622 | 48,82 | 4,46 | ||
29,59 | 6,17 | |||
3,20 | 40,70 | |||
80 284 | ||||
1 4702 1869 | 86,59 | 7,34 | ||
|
|
. .
: 11 ( 0 10 ), 9 ( 11 19), 10 , . , : , , , " ".
"" : , "1920- ", 1970 . 40-49 (1921-1930 . .), 1979 . - 50-59 (1920-1929 . .), 1989 . , 60 , . . 19201929 ., .
. 5 , ( ), :
5
( ) | |||
1900- | 99,7 | ||
1910- | 99,4 | 97,7 | |
1920- | 99,3 | 96,7 | 96,6 |
1930- | 99,5 | 96,7 | 96,0 |
1940- | 98, 9 | 94,2 | 93,2 |
1950- | 98,3 | 93,6 | 93,1 |
1960- | 95,6 | 94,6 | 94,2 |
1970- | 92,3 | 90,9 | |
1980- | 91,0 |
, ( , , , ) . "" , , . "" : (. 1930, 1940 1950- . .). , , . : , . ( 9 , 10) , . : , , .
; .
, , ; , , . ? , / , . - 1979-1989 . 93,8 92,5%, - 95,3 93,6%. , "". , , , .
|
|
. , , , . 1989 . 1950 1959 (. 6):
6
. | 98,8 | 97,7 | 92,4 | 88,7 | 84,7 |
. | 99,1 | 98,3 | 92,9 | 88,3 | 84,4 |
. | 72,9 | 63,6 | 36,6 | 73,9 | 41,8 |
. | 70,0 | 61,9 | 35,7 | 62,7 | 37,3 |
, , . , , , . , : , "".
: , . : , ; , . 1950- (1979-1989) 92,7 92,4, - 89,2 88,7, - 68,2 63,6, - 43,0 36,6.
, : 1979-1989 . 1930- 66,5 74,2%, 1950- - 73,6 75,6%.
, , ( ) , , , , 1950- , 1979 1989 ., - . .
. , , 1989 . , 1988 . ; , , . 1950- 1979-1989 . 73,9 74,7%, - 64,6 68,0%.
.
|
|
* * *
. . ( 1959-1983 . - ): " 130 - , , , , "; " , , . , "; " <...> " [ 1980: 13, 14, 25]. . , , , , .
, -, . , . , , . --"" , . , " " , .
, , - , . , 1930- , , , , .
, . . . , [ 2000].
1998 . . : . ., 1998.
1980 . : . . ., 1980.
. 1984 . ., . ., . . . . ., 1984.
... 1986 . . ., 1986.
1982 . . // . . . . . ., 1982. . 3. [. : 1996]
1977 . . . ., 1977.
1989 . . . ., 1989.
1975 . // . . 7. . ., 1975.
1996 . . . ., 1996.
1976 . . . ., 1976.
. . VI. . ., 1973.
. . VII. . ., 1975.
. . XVII. . ., 1986.
... 1981 . ., 1981.
1976 . . . . . . ., 1976.
, 1978 . ., . . . ., 1978.
Coupland, Jaworski 1997 Sociolinguistics / Ed. by N. Coupland, A. Jaworski. London, 1997.
Gumperz, Hymes 1972 Directions in sociolinguistics / Ed. by J. J. Gumperz, D. Hymes. New York, 1972.
Sherer, Giles 1979 - Social markers in speech / Ed. by K. R. Sherer, H. Giles. Cambridge, 1979.
|
|
1990 . . - ( IVVIII // - . .: , 1990.
. 1994 - ., ., . . . , 1997.
1975 . . ( ) ., 1975.
1973 . . . ., 1973.
1985 . . // / . . . . -. ., 1985.
1988 . . . . ., 1988.
1993 . , XIX XX . // / . . . . . ., 1993.
1996 - . . // . / . . . . , . . . ., 1996.
1997 . . 150 . ., 1997.
2000 . . // / . . . . . ., 2000.
2000 - . . 150 . 1917-2000. . ., 2000.
1963 , . // . . 4. ., 1963.
1983 . . // ( ). ., 1983.
1974 . . . . ., 1974.
1978 . . // Tekst. Jezyk. Poetyka. Wroc aw, 1978.
1980 . . - "<=>" // Wiener slawistischer Almanach. Wien, 1980. Sonderband 1.
, 1973 - . ., . . . ., 1973.
. 1992 - . ., . ., . . -- . , 1992.
1929 . - // . . V. ., 1929.
, 1992 . ., . . // . . 1992. 2.
1999 . "" ? // . 1999. 20 .
1964 - . . . . II. . 2. ., 1964. 1997 - . . // : . ., 1997.
1997 . . // : . ., 1997.
1999 . . // : . 60- . . . ., 1999.
1999 . . // : 23 1999 . ., 1999.
1987 . . // / . . . . . ., 1987.
1990 - . . . . ., 1990.
1934-1939 - . . . , 1934-1939. . 1-2. 1963 - . . . ., 1963. . 12. 1988 . . . ., 1988.
1987 . . . ., 1987.
1993 - . . // : . . . ., 1993.
1995 - . . . - . : " ...". ., 1995.
. 1975 - . ., . ., . . . ., 1975.
. 1997 - . ., . ., . . // , : . ., 1997.
1979 - . : . , 1979.
1987 - X. // / . . . . . . ., 1987.
. 1995 - . ., . ., . . . ., 1995.
1984 . . // 1984. - . ., 1984.
1993 - . : // . . 1993. 4.
1935 . . : . .; ., 1935.
1938 . . XVII-XIX . ., 1938. [2- . ., 1972.]
1945 - . . . ., 1945.
1956 - . . // . . 1956. 1.
1965 - . . . ., 1965.
1990 - . . // . ., 1990.
1993 - . . : . ., 1993.
1985 . . XVI . // / . . . . . ., 1985.
... 1960 / . . . . ., 1960.
... 1963 / . . . . . ., 1963.
... 19636 / . . . ; . . . . . ., 1963.
1956 . . . ., 1956.
1998 - . . - - // : . ., 1998.
...1995 - . ., 1995.
1985 - . // . . 16. . ., 1985.
... 1990 - - . .: , 1990.
1999 - . . // . ., 1999. . 2.
1972 - . . // . . 1972. 4.
1972 . // . . 1972. 12.
1966 - . . . ., 1966.
1976 - . . - . ., 1976.
1969 - . . // . ., 1969.
, 1970 - . ., . . // . . . . ., 1970. 6.
... 1993 - / . . . . . ., 1993.
1978 - , . . ., 1978.
1992 - . . () : , . ., 1992.
1993 - . . : ., 1993.
1996 - . . () . ., 1996.
1985 - . ., 1985.
1988 - . // . . XX. . ., 1988.
1995 - . ., 1995.
1990 - . . // . ., 1990.
1992 - . . . ., 1992.
, 1990 - . ., . . . ., 1990.
. 1999 - . ., . ., . . , : . ., 1999.
1990 . . // . , 1990.
1996 - , . XVIII . ., 1996.
1956 . . . .; ., 1956.
1965 . . . ., 1965.
1968 - . . // . ., 1968.
1969 . . // . ., 1969.
1981 . . // . ., 1981.
1982 . . . ., 1982.
1987 - . . // Socjolingvistyka. Krakow, 1987. 6.
1993 . . (, , ) // / . . . . . ., 1993.
1976 - . . // . . . . . ., 1976. . 4.
1996 - . . . ., 1996.
1968 . . : . , 1968.
1990 . . // : : . 70- . . . ., 1990.
1998 . . // . . . . . ., 1998. . 4.
. 1981 . ., . ., . . : . . . ., 1981.
. 1993 . ., . ., . . // : - . ., 1993.
1979 . . ( ). ., 1979.
1964 . . . ., 1964.
1996 . . // XX (1985-1995). ., 1996.
1976 . . XVIII XIX . ., 1976.
1999 . . . ., 1999.
1990 . . // - . .: , 1990.
1990 - // . ., 1990.
1930 . , 1930. . VI.
1990 . . : // . ., 1990.
1989 . . - 19201930 . // . ., 1989.
, 1996 - . ., . . . " ": - . ., 1996.
1967 . . . ., 1967.
1986 . // . . 16. . ., 1986.
1960 . , // . . 3. ., 1960.
1994 . . : -. ., 1994.
1999 . . // : . . . . ., 1999.
1974 - . // . . 1974. ^4.
1976 . // - . ., 1976.
1996 . . // Wiener slawistischer Almanach. Wien, 1996. Bd. 37.
1968 . . . ., 1968.
1968 . . :
. ., 1968.
1986 . . // . ., 1986. . 28.
1989 . . ( ) // / . . . . . ., 1989.
1994 . . : // / . . . . , . . . ., 1994.
1997 . . // / . . . . ., 1997.
2000 . . // . . 2000. 4.
1994 . . // . ., 1994.
, 1991 ., . . , . ., 1991.
1973 . . . ., 1973.
1990 . . // . ., 1990.
, 1982 . ., . . // . . 1982. 11.
1995 - . . : . ; , 1995.
1975 . // . . 7. . ., 1975.
1928 . . // . ., 1928. . 3.
1931 - . . // . . 7. ., 1931.
1977 . . : . . , 1977.
1930 . . .; . 1930.
1930 . "" // . , 1930. . VI.
1972 . . . ., 1972.
1990 . . // . ., 1990.
... 1994 - . ., 1994.
1935 . . // . .; ., 1935. . III. (. : . 1992.)
1959 . . // . ., 1959.
1990 . . // . ., 1990.
... 1991 ( ). ., 1991.
1979 - . // . : . : , 1979.
1976 . . // - . ., 1976.
1975 - . . // . ., 1975.
1994 . . - // . ., 1994.
1995 . . : // . ., 1995.
... 1959 . .; ., 1959.
1992 . . - (80- ). ., 1992.
1992 . . - // : 1992. ., 1992.
1994 . . " ", "" "" // . ., 1994.
... 1997 : . ., 1997.
... 1992 - . 70-? ., 1992.
1985 . . // . ., 1985.
1988 . . " " // / . . . . . ., 1988.
1991 . . " " // : : . . , . . 2. ., 1991.
1986 . . . ., 1986.
... 1969 - . ., 1969.
: , , . ., 1970.
... 1915 . ., 1915.
... 1982 . ., 1982.
1969 . . 20-30- // . . . . -. . 2. , 1969.
1990 - . . , 1990.
1966 . . // . ., 1966.
1966 - . . // . 6 . ., 1966. . 1.
1968 . . // : 4 . . 1. ., 1968.
1979 . . . . ., 1979.
1990 . . XVIII-XX . ., 1990.
1996 - . . . , 1996.
1959 . . . ., 1959.
... 2000 . . . 1. / . . . , . . . . . ., 2000.
1927 . . () // . 1927. 1.
1928 . . // . 1928. 2, 45.
1931 . . . ., 1931.
1968 . . . ., 1968.
1987 . . // . ., 1987.
1929 . . // . 1929. . V.
1997 . . , // . . . . . ., 1997. . 3.
1976 . . // . ., 1976.
1980 . . // . ., 1980.
1972 - . . . ., 1972. ... 2000 - /
. . . . . ., 2000. 1992 , . : .
.; , 1992. 1972 - . . : . ., 1972. 1998 - . . : , // : . . . .. ., 1998. 1996 - : . ., 1996.
1991 - : . .,1991. 1973 - / . . . . ., 1973. 1978 - : / . . . . ,
. . . ., 1978. 1983 : . . .
/ . . . . . ., 1983. ... 1959 - (1702-1894): . ., 1959.
... 1974 - : - / . . . . ., 1974.
1968 - : 4 . / . . . . ., 1968.
1985 . . // . ., 1985.
1928 - . . . ., 1928.
1941 . . . . ., 1941.
1985 - . . // / . . . . . ., 1985.
1993 . . ., 1993.
1986 . . // . . 17. . ., 1986.
, 1990 - ., . . . ., 1990.
1981 - . . // . ., 1981.
1994 - . . ., 1994. 1991 . , . ., 1991.
1992 - . . . . . ., 1992.
... 1977 . ., 1977.
... 1996 - : , . . ., 1996.
1996 - : . ., 1996.
- 1968 - - . . // . . 1968. 3.
1963 - . . . ., 1963.
1969 - . . - // . ., 1969.
1976 - . . . ., 1976.
1979 - . . . ., 1979.
1972 - . . . , 1972.
1989 - . . . ., 1989.
... 1999 - . , 1999.
1985 - . . () // . ., 1985.
2000 - .. "" i iï i // , 2000, 1.
-... 1988 - - : . , 1988.
1987 - . . (XI-XVII .). Munchen, 1987.
1994 - . . : // . . . .: 2 . . . . ., 1994.
1992 - / . . . . . ., 1992.
, 1987 - ., . ( ) // . ., 1987.
1964 - . . . ., 1964.
... 1985 - . ., 1985.
1972 - . : . . ., 1972.
1985 - . . XV // . ., 1985.
1982 - . . ., 1982.
1963 - . . . ., 1963.
1971 - . . . ., 1971.
1976 . . // - . ., 1976.
1991 - . . // : . ., 1991.
1969 . . ., 1969.
1990 . : // . .: , 1990.
1958 - . . // . . . ., 1958. . I.
1974 . . . ., 1974.
1980 - . . " " // . ., 1980.
1980 . . // . ., 1980.
1967 . . : . ... . ., 1967.
... 1996 . / . . . . , . . . ., 1996.
... 1994 . ., 1994. . I.
1985 . // . . ., 1985.
1977 . . // . ., 1977.
1998 X. (90- ) // (), 1998. 1/2.
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