.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





 

(1989) (. 4).

, , , , . , ( 1990- ). , , . , ( ), ; . , : (48% , 50% , 61% ), , 88, 56 31% . .

, , , . , . (%):

 

 
: 1970 1979 1989
65,9 66,9 72,8
30,3 27,0 17,1
3,8 6,1 10,0

 

, . . , . , 1989 . 3564 (1530) - ( -, - ) . 1347. : 15,2%. , 88,7% . , .

? , ? , , .

, - , . . 3.3 , . , , , , . - .

4

 

, , % - , %  
1 1986 5946 99,95 0,03  
5 522 096 14,18 13,14  
4 362 872 57,01 4,90  
1 773 645 22,26 11,88  
1 345 273 10,05 17,32  
1 206 222 63,46 2,87  
1 072 939 30,83 4,84  
898 999 1,06 24,92  
842 295 57,99 3,64  
714 833 28,94 8,79  
643 698 17,82 12,66  
635 865 11,49 10,10  
544 016 1,58 33,14  
536 848 90,53 2,41  
532 390 31,83 6,82  
417 425 13,32 14,34  
402 275 6,43 10,37  
386 055 2,23 19,70  
380 242 5,93 29,09  
353 348 1,50 30,50  
336 309 28,88 8,37  
335 889 14,62 17,90
  277 163 1,7823,55
  257 270 4,5026,77
  215 068 1,5918,16
206 160 1,38 39,46
181 517 36,28 13,07
34 190 17,58 20,28
  28,29 16,03
22 283 38,52 10,63
  27,42 20,01
15 107 28,32 10,37
11 883 55,30 4,52
8 942 46,78 6,45
8 279 62,66 4,73
6 584 15,37 16,33
  76,20 3,99
3 564 50,59 6,82
3 173 66,53 9,30
  80,20 3,17
1 902 68,14 14,30
1 835 56,78 2,40
1 704 45,89 5,40
1 384 71,17 3,90
1 262 15,29 27,89
1 112 45,86 17,00
1 084 49,45 5,54
  80,97 5,44
  55,54 5,26
  72,20 4,81
  69,51 8,52
  37,88 13,64
  54,19 5,03
172 671 31,71 6,63
165 821 6,85 6,27
           

 

 

4

 

, , % - , %
152 939 12,56 10,17
150 332 2,10 18,12
- 147 269 28,71 9,19
130 688 28,58 6,85
126 899 18,06 13,74
124 921 51,16 2,55
122 908 4,61 13,26
107 051 63,07 5,10
106 245 3,88 18,37
  74,71 3,03
93 587 2,41 35,14
91 699 52,30 3,86
78 500 23,13 9,61
78 341 4,17 15,54
73 703 2,92 17,32
  39,60 3,84
  14,77 19,61
  5,22 17,56
47 102 63,14 2,14
  56,62 2,89
46 390 58,07 3,63
41 734 8,89 36,57
  11,82 11,65
38 208 17,38 15,54
32 983 4,25 17,23
32 785 53,46 5,15
21 275 9,63 6,81
  3,11 33,42
  14,35 7,54
17 728 3,37 27,42
  40,87 5,57
12 142 48,29 2,17
11 282 21,10 12,07
  31,90 5,20
9 890 10,02 21,72
9 622 48,82 4,46
  29,59 6,17
  3,20 40,70
80 284    
1 4702 1869 86,59 7,34
         

 

. .

: 11 ( 0 10 ), 9 ( 11 19), 10 , . , : , , , " ".

"" : , "1920- ", 1970 . 40-49 (1921-1930 . .), 1979 . - 50-59 (1920-1929 . .), 1989 . , 60 , . . 19201929 ., .

. 5 , ( ), :

5

 

 

( )
     
1900- 99,7    
1910- 99,4 97,7  
1920- 99,3 96,7 96,6
1930- 99,5 96,7 96,0
1940- 98, 9 94,2 93,2
1950- 98,3 93,6 93,1
1960- 95,6 94,6 94,2
1970-   92,3 90,9
1980-     91,0

 

, ( , , , ) . "" , , . "" : (. 1930, 1940 1950- . .). , , . : , . ( 9 , 10) , . : , , .

; .

, , ; , , . ? , / , . - 1979-1989 . 93,8 92,5%, - 95,3 93,6%. , "". , , , .

. , , , . 1989 . 1950 1959 (. 6):

6

 

 
. 98,8 97,7 92,4 88,7 84,7
. 99,1 98,3 92,9 88,3 84,4
 
. 72,9 63,6 36,6 73,9 41,8
. 70,0 61,9 35,7 62,7 37,3

 

, , . , , , . , : , "".

: , . : , ; , . 1950- (1979-1989) 92,7 92,4, - 89,2 88,7, - 68,2 63,6, - 43,0 36,6.

, : 1979-1989 . 1930- 66,5 74,2%, 1950- - 73,6 75,6%.

, , ( ) , , , , 1950- , 1979 1989 ., - . .

. , , 1989 . , 1988 . ; , , . 1950- 1979-1989 . 73,9 74,7%, - 64,6 68,0%.

.

 

* * *

 

. . ( 1959-1983 . - ): " 130 - , , , , "; " , , . , "; " <...> " [ 1980: 13, 14, 25]. . , , , , .

, -, . , . , , . --"" , . , " " , .

, , - , . , 1930- , , , , .

, . . . , [ 2000].

 

 

 

 

1998 . . : . ., 1998.

1980 . : . . ., 1980.

. 1984 . ., . ., . . . . ., 1984.

... 1986 . . ., 1986.

1982 . . // . . . . . ., 1982. . 3. [. : 1996]

1977 . . . ., 1977.

1989 . . . ., 1989.

1975 . // . . 7. . ., 1975.

1996 . . . ., 1996.

1976 . . . ., 1976.

. . VI. . ., 1973.

. . VII. . ., 1975.

. . XVII. . ., 1986.

... 1981 . ., 1981.

1976 . . . . . . ., 1976.

, 1978 . ., . . . ., 1978.

Coupland, Jaworski 1997 Sociolinguistics / Ed. by N. Coupland, A. Jaworski. London, 1997.

Gumperz, Hymes 1972 Directions in sociolinguistics / Ed. by J. J. Gumperz, D. Hymes. New York, 1972.

Sherer, Giles 1979 - Social markers in speech / Ed. by K. R. Sherer, H. Giles. Cambridge, 1979.

 

 

1990 . . - ( IVVIII // - . .: , 1990.

. 1994 - ., ., . . . , 1997.

1975 . . ( ) ., 1975.

1973 . . . ., 1973.

1985 . . // / . . . . -. ., 1985.

1988 . . . . ., 1988.

1993 . , XIX XX . // / . . . . . ., 1993.

1996 - . . // . / . . . . , . . . ., 1996.

1997 . . 150 . ., 1997.

2000 . . // / . . . . . ., 2000.

2000 - . . 150 . 1917-2000. . ., 2000.

1963 , . // . . 4. ., 1963.

1983 . . // ( ). ., 1983.

1974 . . . . ., 1974.

1978 . . // Tekst. Jezyk. Poetyka. Wroc aw, 1978.

1980 . . - "<=>" // Wiener slawistischer Almanach. Wien, 1980. Sonderband 1.

, 1973 - . ., . . . ., 1973.

. 1992 - . ., . ., . . -- . , 1992.

1929 . - // . . V. ., 1929.

, 1992 . ., . . // . . 1992. 2.

1999 . "" ? // . 1999. 20 .

1964 - . . . . II. . 2. ., 1964. 1997 - . . // : . ., 1997.

1997 . . // : . ., 1997.

1999 . . // : . 60- . . . ., 1999.

1999 . . // : 23 1999 . ., 1999.

1987 . . // / . . . . . ., 1987.

1990 - . . . . ., 1990.

1934-1939 - . . . , 1934-1939. . 1-2. 1963 - . . . ., 1963. . 12. 1988 . . . ., 1988.

1987 . . . ., 1987.

1993 - . . // : . . . ., 1993.

1995 - . . . - . : " ...". ., 1995.

. 1975 - . ., . ., . . . ., 1975.

. 1997 - . ., . ., . . // , : . ., 1997.

1979 - . : . , 1979.

1987 - X. // / . . . . . . ., 1987.

. 1995 - . ., . ., . . . ., 1995.

1984 . . // 1984. - . ., 1984.

1993 - . : // . . 1993. 4.

1935 . . : . .; ., 1935.

1938 . . XVII-XIX . ., 1938. [2- . ., 1972.]

1945 - . . . ., 1945.

1956 - . . // . . 1956. 1.

1965 - . . . ., 1965.

1990 - . . // . ., 1990.

1993 - . . : . ., 1993.

1985 . . XVI . // / . . . . . ., 1985.

... 1960 / . . . . ., 1960.

... 1963 / . . . . . ., 1963.

... 19636 / . . . ; . . . . . ., 1963.

1956 . . . ., 1956.

1998 - . . - - // : . ., 1998.

...1995 - . ., 1995.

1985 - . // . . 16. . ., 1985.

... 1990 - - . .: , 1990.

1999 - . . // . ., 1999. . 2.

1972 - . . // . . 1972. 4.

1972 . // . . 1972. 12.

1966 - . . . ., 1966.

1976 - . . - . ., 1976.

1969 - . . // . ., 1969.

, 1970 - . ., . . // . . . . ., 1970. 6.

... 1993 - / . . . . . ., 1993.

1978 - , . . ., 1978.

1992 - . . () : , . ., 1992.

1993 - . . : ., 1993.

1996 - . . () . ., 1996.

1985 - . ., 1985.

1988 - . // . . XX. . ., 1988.

1995 - . ., 1995.

1990 - . . // . ., 1990.

1992 - . . . ., 1992.

, 1990 - . ., . . . ., 1990.

. 1999 - . ., . ., . . , : . ., 1999.

1990 . . // . , 1990.

1996 - , . XVIII . ., 1996.

1956 . . . .; ., 1956.

1965 . . . ., 1965.

1968 - . . // . ., 1968.

1969 . . // . ., 1969.

1981 . . // . ., 1981.

1982 . . . ., 1982.

1987 - . . // Socjolingvistyka. Krakow, 1987. 6.

1993 . . (, , ) // / . . . . . ., 1993.

1976 - . . // . . . . . ., 1976. . 4.

1996 - . . . ., 1996.

1968 . . : . , 1968.

1990 . . // : : . 70- . . . ., 1990.

1998 . . // . . . . . ., 1998. . 4.

. 1981 . ., . ., . . : . . . ., 1981.

. 1993 . ., . ., . . // : - . ., 1993.

1979 . . ( ). ., 1979.

1964 . . . ., 1964.

1996 . . // XX (1985-1995). ., 1996.

1976 . . XVIII XIX . ., 1976.

1999 . . . ., 1999.

1990 . . // - . .: , 1990.

1990 - // . ., 1990.

1930 . , 1930. . VI.

1990 . . : // . ., 1990.

1989 . . - 19201930 . // . ., 1989.

, 1996 - . ., . . . " ": - . ., 1996.

1967 . . . ., 1967.

1986 . // . . 16. . ., 1986.

1960 . , // . . 3. ., 1960.

1994 . . : -. ., 1994.

1999 . . // : . . . . ., 1999.

1974 - . // . . 1974. ^4.

1976 . // - . ., 1976.

1996 . . // Wiener slawistischer Almanach. Wien, 1996. Bd. 37.

1968 . . . ., 1968.

1968 . . :

. ., 1968.

1986 . . // . ., 1986. . 28.

1989 . . ( ) // / . . . . . ., 1989.

1994 . . : // / . . . . , . . . ., 1994.

1997 . . // / . . . . ., 1997.

2000 . . // . . 2000. 4.

1994 . . // . ., 1994.

, 1991 ., . . , . ., 1991.

1973 . . . ., 1973.

1990 . . // . ., 1990.

, 1982 . ., . . // . . 1982. 11.

1995 - . . : . ; , 1995.

1975 . // . . 7. . ., 1975.

1928 . . // . ., 1928. . 3.

1931 - . . // . . 7. ., 1931.

1977 . . : . . , 1977.

1930 . . .; . 1930.

1930 . "" // . , 1930. . VI.

1972 . . . ., 1972.

1990 . . // . ., 1990.

... 1994 - . ., 1994.

1935 . . // . .; ., 1935. . III. (. : . 1992.)

1959 . . // . ., 1959.

1990 . . // . ., 1990.

... 1991 ( ). ., 1991.

1979 - . // . : . : , 1979.

1976 . . // - . ., 1976.

1975 - . . // . ., 1975.

1994 . . - // . ., 1994.

1995 . . : // . ., 1995.

... 1959 . .; ., 1959.

1992 . . - (80- ). ., 1992.

1992 . . - // : 1992. ., 1992.

1994 . . " ", "" "" // . ., 1994.

... 1997 : . ., 1997.

... 1992 - . 70-? ., 1992.

1985 . . // . ., 1985.

1988 . . " " // / . . . . . ., 1988.

1991 . . " " // : : . . , . . 2. ., 1991.

1986 . . . ., 1986.

... 1969 - . ., 1969.

: , , . ., 1970.

... 1915 . ., 1915.

... 1982 . ., 1982.

1969 . . 20-30- // . . . . -. . 2. , 1969.

1990 - . . , 1990.

1966 . . // . ., 1966.

1966 - . . // . 6 . ., 1966. . 1.

1968 . . // : 4 . . 1. ., 1968.

1979 . . . . ., 1979.

1990 . . XVIII-XX . ., 1990.

1996 - . . . , 1996.

1959 . . . ., 1959.

... 2000 . . . 1. / . . . , . . . . . ., 2000.

1927 . . () // . 1927. 1.

1928 . . // . 1928. 2, 45.

1931 . . . ., 1931.

1968 . . . ., 1968.

1987 . . // . ., 1987.

1929 . . // . 1929. . V.

1997 . . , // . . . . . ., 1997. . 3.

1976 . . // . ., 1976.

1980 . . // . ., 1980.

1972 - . . . ., 1972. ... 2000 - /

. . . . . ., 2000. 1992 , . : .

.; , 1992. 1972 - . . : . ., 1972. 1998 - . . : , // : . . . .. ., 1998. 1996 - : . ., 1996.

1991 - : . .,1991. 1973 - / . . . . ., 1973. 1978 - : / . . . . ,

. . . ., 1978. 1983 : . . .

/ . . . . . ., 1983. ... 1959 - (1702-1894): . ., 1959.

... 1974 - : - / . . . . ., 1974.

1968 - : 4 . / . . . . ., 1968.

1985 . . // . ., 1985.

1928 - . . . ., 1928.

1941 . . . . ., 1941.

1985 - . . // / . . . . . ., 1985.

1993 . . ., 1993.

1986 . . // . . 17. . ., 1986.

, 1990 - ., . . . ., 1990.

1981 - . . // . ., 1981.

1994 - . . ., 1994. 1991 . , . ., 1991.

1992 - . . . . . ., 1992.

... 1977 . ., 1977.

... 1996 - : , . . ., 1996.

1996 - : . ., 1996.

- 1968 - - . . // . . 1968. 3.

1963 - . . . ., 1963.

1969 - . . - // . ., 1969.

1976 - . . . ., 1976.

1979 - . . . ., 1979.

1972 - . . . , 1972.

1989 - . . . ., 1989.

... 1999 - . , 1999.

1985 - . . () // . ., 1985.

2000 - .. "" i iï i // , 2000, 1.

-... 1988 - - : . , 1988.

1987 - . . (XI-XVII .). Munchen, 1987.

1994 - . . : // . . . .: 2 . . . . ., 1994.

1992 - / . . . . . ., 1992.

, 1987 - ., . ( ) // . ., 1987.

1964 - . . . ., 1964.

... 1985 - . ., 1985.

1972 - . : . . ., 1972.

1985 - . . XV // . ., 1985.

1982 - . . ., 1982.

1963 - . . . ., 1963.

1971 - . . . ., 1971.

1976 . . // - . ., 1976.

1991 - . . // : . ., 1991.

1969 . . ., 1969.

1990 . : // . .: , 1990.

1958 - . . // . . . ., 1958. . I.

1974 . . . ., 1974.

1980 - . . " " // . ., 1980.

1980 . . // . ., 1980.

1967 . . : . ... . ., 1967.

... 1996 . / . . . . , . . . ., 1996.

... 1994 . ., 1994. . I.

1985 . // . . ., 1985.

1977 . . // . ., 1977.

1998 X. (90- ) // (), 1998. 1/2.

 

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