BIOS Int 1Ah , , CMOS RTC. .
1. =0 ( 40:006Eh BIOS Data Area, 0 - 8253/8254 55 . POST ). , , DX . AL=0, 24 . AL , 40:0070h ( ).
2. =1 ( , DX ) () 40:0070h. CF=1.
3. =2 RTC. BCD- ( ), (CL), (DH) / (DL=1 , DL=0 ). CF=0. BIOS CF .
4. =3 RTC, 2.
5. =4 RTC. BCD- ( ), (CL), (DH) (DL). CF=0. BIOS CF .
6. =5 RTC, 4.
7. =6 RTC. BCD- ( ), (CL) (DH). , CF=1. Int 4Ah.
8. =7 .
BIOS Int 15h CMOS RTC , ( , DX ). . , 70 . .
9. AH=86h . . 7 BDA 0040:00A0. , CF=1 ( CF=0, AL , 8259#2).
10. AX=8300h , 7 , ES:BX. CF=0; ( ) CF=1 AL=0. , . , , 8301h (-, ; -, , , , ).
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11. AX=8301h .
PCI BIOS
PCI BIOS PCI , (. . 8.2). , , . 16- , V86 16- , PCI BIOS Int 1Ah; . 000FFE6EH ( Int 1Ah) .
CF=0 =0; CF=1 :
♦ 81h ;
♦ 83h ;
♦ 86h ;
♦ 87h PCI.
( 1024 ). 32- , 32- (. ), CF . 32- PCI. PCI BIOS :
♦ = B101h PCI BIOS. PCI BIOS CF=0, =0 EDX=20494350h ( "PCI "); . AL PCI:
0 1 ;
1 2 ;
2:3=00 ();
4 1;
5 2;
6:7=00 ().
BL (BCD-), CL PCI, ( +1, ). EDI 32- BIOS. BIOS ( EDI); EDI .
♦ = B102h . , DX , SI ( ) . , BL[7:3] , BL[2:0] . , SI 0 86h.
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♦ AX = B103h . [23:16] , [15:8] , [7:0] , SI ( ). , BL[7:3] , BL[2:0] .
♦ = B106h PCI. BL , EDX .
♦ = 108h PCI. , BL[7:3] , BL[2:0] , DI (0-FFh). CL .
♦ = B109h PCI. , BL[7:3] , BL[2:0] , DI (0-FFh, ). .
♦ = 10Ah PCI. , BL[7:3] , BL[2:0] , DI (0-FFh, 4). .
♦ = B10Bh PCI. , BL[7:3] , BL[2:0] , DI (0-FFh), CL .
♦ = B10Ch PCI. , BL[7:3] , BL[2:0] , DI (0-FFh, ), .
♦ = B10Ah PCI. , BL[7:3] , BL[2:0] , DI (0-FFh, 4), .
ROM BIOS
ROM BIOS, , ( ) . , (ISA, PCI, PCMCIA), Additional ROM BIOS ( ROM BIOS), Expansion ROM. , . PC. ROM BIOS EGA/VGA/SVGA, , SCSI, . ISA C8000h-F4000h. POST 2 BIOS ( ). BIOS (EGA, VGA, SVGA) C0000 ( ). PCI , POST.
ROM BIOS , 2- , . 12.8.
12.8.
0 | 2 | ( ): 0=55h, 1=AAh |
2 | 1 | , 512 |
3 | 3 | , Ret Far ( Far Call POST). JMP, |
6-17h | ||
18h | 2 | PCI ( PCI), . . 12.9.1 |
1Ah | 2 | ISA PnP, . . 12.9.2 |
3 , PCI ISA PnP . , AA55h ( ) ( 256) ( , , , ).
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POST (Call Far) , 3- . . , BIOS. Bootstrap (Int 19h), , , , (Remote Boot Reset). , (, - , , POST.
, , . , , , ( - ). .
, , , , ROM BIOS, DDIM (Device Driver Initialization Model ). POST ( ) (), . ( ) ( 3). , DDIM, , : ( ) DDIM ( ). , , , . DDIM ( ), . , ( ) , . - , . , , , POST. POST ( ) ( , 4 ), . POST, , ( UMA) . UMA ( , ). , ( , POST), . , , ( ). ISA DDIM , (. ); DDIM PCI.
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DDIM , ( ), POST . Big Real Mode, 32- (. . 12.3.1). Phoenics Intel PMM (POST Memory Manager Specification), 1.01 1997 . BIOS, , , . , a BIOS 32- ( ). 32- (handle), . ( FFFFFFFFh) . (Int 19h), Gate A20 . BIOS , . PMM , BCV, PnP (. ). , BEV, , Int 19h. PMM , - $PMM E0000-FFFF0h. , http://www.phoenix.com/techs.
ROM BIOS ISA PnP
PnP PnP BIOS (Expansion Header Structure). , . 12.9. ( ), . . . , , .
12.9. ROM BIOS ISA PnP
0h | 4 | , $PnP ( ASCII) |
04h | (01h) | |
05h | ( 16 ) | |
06h | (0000h, ) | |
08h | (0) | |
09h | ||
0Ah | PnP | |
0Eh | (0, ) | |
10h | (0, ) | |
12h | 3 | |
15h | ||
16h | BCV (Boot Connection Vector) 0, | |
18h | (Disconnect Vector) 0, | |
1Ah | BEV (Bootstrap Entry Point) 0, | |
1Ch | (0) | |
1Eh | (Static Resource Information Vector) Real/Protected mode (0 ) |
PnP, . , , .
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♦ 7 (Device Driver Initialization Model);
♦ 6 ;
♦ 5 ;
♦ 4 ;
♦ 3 (0);
♦ 2 (IPL-);
♦ 1 ( );
♦ 0 ().
BCV (Boot Connection Vector, Interrupt Connection Vector) , , ( Int 9h, Int 10h Int 13h ), , . 0, 1 2 Int 9h, Int 10h Int 13h ( ), ES:DI PnP BIOS (System BIOS PnP Installation Check Structure), BX (CSN) ISA PnP ( FFFFh); DX ISA PnP ( FFFFh).
, .
BEV , , Int 13h. BIOS Int 19h. , , (Remote Programm Loading, RPL) .
, ( , ISA PnP). 1024 ES: DI .
, 3 , PnP ( ), .
♦ S: DI PnP BIOS, BX CSN ISA PnP ( FFFFh); DX ISA PnP ( FFFFh).
♦ BDA EBDA, Int 9h, Int 10h, Int 13h BDA EBDA.
♦ :
8 , INT 13h;
7 , ( ) INT 10h;
6 , INT 9h;
5:4 : 00 , 01 , 10 ( RPL ), 11 ;
3:2 ( );
1:0 ( ).
, BIOS BIOS BIOS . ISA PnP. , BIOS PnP. , PnP BIOS.
ISA PnP , BIOS PnP, . : PnP BIOS , INT 19h, PnP BIOS , BIOS .
Expansion ROM PCI
BIOS, PCI, , ROM BIOS. , PCI (. 12.10). , PCI. PCI PC, . , . ( ) . () , BIOS . , , IBM PC, Power PC.
12.10. PCI
, | ||
0 | 4 | , "PCIR" |
4 | 2 | |
6 | 2 | |
8 | 2 | ¹ |
Ah | 2 | (), |
Ch | 1 | (0 ) |
Dh | 3 | |
10h | 2 | |
12h | 2 | / |
14h | 1 | : 0 86 PC-, 2 HP PA-RISC |
15h | 1 | : 1 , 0 |
16h | 2 |
¹ PCI 2.2 Vital Product Data ( ).
PCI , . . , 2- , . POST , ( 3). , , . , PCI ( 10h), , ( , ). . PCI .
PCI DDIM (. ). POST Expansion ROM Base Address . , 55h. , POST ( PCI) ( C0000-DFFFFh), . ( Expansion ROM Base Address), ( 3). POST ( ), (AL[7:3]) (AL[2:0]), . , ( 2, ), . , , 2. ( 2), , , . VGA ( ) C0000h. PnP BIOS , PnP , ES: DI, .
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